Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Primary Active Transport01:47

Primary Active Transport

199.4K
In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps that are embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction...
199.4K
Primary Active Transport01:29

Primary Active Transport

14.4K
In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction they would...
14.4K
Primary and Secondary Growth in Roots and Shoots03:02

Primary and Secondary Growth in Roots and Shoots

60.6K
Vascular plants, which account for over 90% of the Earth’s vegetation, all undergo primary growth—which lengthens roots and shoots. Many land plants, notably woody plants, also undergo secondary growth—which thickens roots and shoots.
60.6K
Primary Production01:06

Primary Production

25.3K
The total amount of energy acquired by primary producers in an ecosystem is called gross primary production (GPP). However, of this energy, producers use some for metabolic processes, and some is lost as heat, decreasing the amount of energy available to the next trophic level. The remaining usable amount of energy is called the net primary productivity (NPP). In terrestrial ecosystems, NPP is driven by climate, while light penetration and nutrient availability drive NPP in aquatic ecosystems.
25.3K
Primary Distribution01:28

Primary Distribution

547
Primary distribution systems deliver electrical power from substations to consumers through various voltage classes, with 15-kV class voltages being predominant among U.S. utilities. Older 2.5- and 5-kV classes are being replaced by 15-kV primaries, while higher 25- to 34.5-kV classes are used in high-density urban areas and rural regions with long feeders. Three-phase, four-wire multigrounded systems are widely employed for balanced power delivery, using the neutral wire as a grounding point.
547
Nomenclature of Primary Amines01:17

Nomenclature of Primary Amines

4.5K
Primary, secondary, and tertiary amines are compounds consisting of one, two, and three alkyl groups connected to the amino group (–NH2), respectively. As depicted in Figure 1, the common name of the primary amines is obtained by adding the suffix -amine to the alkyl substituent attached to the amino group as the corresponding alkylamine.
4.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Bacterial specificity of the gut microbiome predicts bone density in primary hyperparathyroidism.

Bone research·2026
Same author

Clinical profile, treatment practices, and complications in chronic hypoparathyroidism in a Middle Eastern cohort.

Journal of the Endocrine Society·2026
Same author

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research (JBMR) 40th anniversary celebration the third decade (part 1).

Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research·2026
Same author

Vitamin D in Gut and Systemic Immune Tolerance and in Infections' Risk: An International Evidence-Based Consensus Statement.

Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders·2026
Same author

Treatment of hypoparathyroidism (HypoPT): Position Statement of the Expert Group for Polish Society of Endocrinology - update 2026.

Endokrynologia Polska·2026
Same author

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research (JBMR) 40th anniversary celebration: the beginning and first decade.

Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research·2026
Same journal

Genetic and Clinical Factors Associated With Metformin Plasma Concentrations Following an Acute Metformin Challenge.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism·2026
Same journal

Continuous glucose monitoring-derived time in range is associated with changes in arterial stiffness in type 2 diabetes.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism·2026
Same journal

Association of the Primary Aldosteronism Severity Classification with Lateralization and Treatment Outcomes.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism·2026
Same journal

From Premature Adrenarche to Adult Metabolic Risk and Hyperandrogenism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism·2026
Same journal

Open-Label 9-Year Follow-Up Extension Phase 2 Study of Once-Weekly Somatrogon in Children With Growth Hormone Deficiency.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism·2026
Same journal

Correction to: "CAHQL: A Patient-Reported Outcome Instrument to Assess Health-Related Quality of Life in Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia".

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Using Primary Neurosphere Cultures to Study Primary Cilia
08:14

Using Primary Neurosphere Cultures to Study Primary Cilia

Published on: April 14, 2017

9.8K

Primary Hyperparathyroidism.

John P Bilezikian1

  • 1Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
|July 31, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) presents in three phenotypes, affecting postmenopausal women most commonly. Management strategies, including surgery and medication, are available for all forms of this hypercalcemia cause.

More Related Videos

Simple Detection of Primary Cilia by Immunofluorescence
08:07

Simple Detection of Primary Cilia by Immunofluorescence

Published on: May 15, 2020

11.9K
Vessel-sparing Excision and Primary Anastomosis
08:09

Vessel-sparing Excision and Primary Anastomosis

Published on: January 7, 2019

12.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Using Primary Neurosphere Cultures to Study Primary Cilia
08:14

Using Primary Neurosphere Cultures to Study Primary Cilia

Published on: April 14, 2017

9.8K
Simple Detection of Primary Cilia by Immunofluorescence
08:07

Simple Detection of Primary Cilia by Immunofluorescence

Published on: May 15, 2020

11.9K
Vessel-sparing Excision and Primary Anastomosis
08:09

Vessel-sparing Excision and Primary Anastomosis

Published on: January 7, 2019

12.1K

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Bone Disease
  • Calcium Homeostasis

Background:

  • Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is the leading cause of hypercalcemia, predominantly affecting postmenopausal women.
  • The clinical presentation of PHPT has evolved over four decades, revealing three distinct phenotypes.
  • Understanding these phenotypes impacts concepts of target organ involvement, disease progression, and treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an evidence-based global summary of primary hyperparathyroidism.
  • To highlight key concepts and data shaping current understanding of PHPT.
  • To review evolving diagnostic and management approaches for PHPT.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive review of worldwide studies on primary hyperparathyroidism.
  • Synthesis of evidence-based data and key concepts.
  • Analysis of factors influencing PHPT clinical presentation prevalence.

Main Results:

  • PHPT is recognized in three clinical phenotypes: overt target organ involvement, mild asymptomatic hypercalcemia, and high parathyroid hormone (PTH) with normal calcium.
  • Biochemical screening, vitamin D status, and PTH measurement influence phenotype presentation globally.
  • Surgical and pharmacological management guidelines are applicable across all PHPT phenotypes.

Conclusions:

  • Advances in PHPT knowledge have significantly refined diagnostic criteria.
  • Current understanding supports evolving management strategies for all PHPT presentations.
  • Effective treatment options, including parathyroidectomy and pharmacotherapy, are available.