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Specific phobias.

William W Eaton1, O Joseph Bienvenu2, Beyon Miloyan3

  • 1Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.

The Lancet. Psychiatry
|August 1, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Specific phobias, often starting in childhood, affect 3-15% globally and persist long-term. Early intervention for specific phobias may prevent other mental health disorders.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Epidemiology
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Specific phobias are common anxiety disorders characterized by fear and avoidance.
  • Despite early onset and persistence, specific phobias remain understudied.
  • Prevalence ranges from 3% to 15% globally, with common triggers including heights and animals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the literature on specific phobias, covering prevalence, incidence, course, risk factors, and treatment.
  • To present epidemiological data on specific phobias from population-based surveys.
  • To highlight the significance of early intervention in potentially altering the course of phobias and associated mental health conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on specific phobias.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data from population-based surveys.
  • Discussion of the developmental course, risk factors, and treatment of specific phobias.

Main Results:

  • Specific phobias have a global lifetime prevalence of 3-15%, with fears of heights and animals being most common.
  • Phobias often begin in childhood but peak in incidence during midlife and old age.
  • A significant percentage (10-30%) of cases persist for years or decades, predicting other mental health disorders.

Conclusions:

  • Interrupting the developmental course of specific phobias may reduce their prevalence.
  • Early treatment of specific phobias could potentially mitigate the risk of developing other anxiety, mood, and substance-use disorders.
  • Exposure therapy is the primary treatment, though long-term efficacy requires further investigation.