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Thyroid gland volumes in premature infants using serial ultrasounds

Safdar S Khan1, Irene Hong-McAtee2, Vesna Martich Kriss3

  • 1University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA. ssk87@miami.edu.

Journal of Perinatology : Official Journal of the California Perinatal Association
|August 1, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Postnatal thyroid growth in preterm infants is variable. Thyroid volume correlates with birthweight and gestational age but can decrease postnatally, potentially impacted by factors like sepsis.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal endocrinology
  • Pediatric ultrasonography

Background:

  • Knowledge gap exists regarding postnatal thyroid gland growth in preterm infants.
  • Understanding thyroid development is crucial for preterm infant care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the postnatal growth patterns of the thyroid gland in preterm infants.
  • To investigate factors influencing thyroid gland volume (TV) in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective enrollment of 57 preterm infants.
  • Serial thyroid gland ultrasound measurements (longitudinal, antero-posterior, transverse dimensions).
  • Statistical analysis using Wilcoxon and independent t tests.

Main Results:

  • Thyroid volume (TV) showed a significant positive correlation with birthweight (BW) and gestational age.
  • Unexpectedly, 12 infants experienced a decrease in TV between ultrasounds.
  • Infants with late-onset bacterial sepsis had significantly lower TVs on second ultrasounds compared to non-septic infants.

Conclusions:

  • Thyroid ultrasound is a noninvasive method for assessing TV and morphology in preterm infants.
  • Postnatal thyroid growth is variable and influenced by postnatal factors, including sepsis.
  • TV in preterm infants correlates with BW and gestational age, but postnatal changes highlight the need for monitoring.
Abstract

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