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The Release of Perillyl Alcohol from the Different Kind of Vehicles
Malgorzata Miastkowska1, Monika Konieczna1, Elwira Lason1
1Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska St. 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland.
Background:
Skin cancers are the most common malignancy in humans, and the number of cases has increased dramatically in the past few decades. Therefore, it is very important to carry out studies concerning new and safer anticancer natural agents (e.g. perillyl alcohol) and modern drug delivery systems, such as nanoformulations, which increase their bioavailability.
Objectives:
The aim of this work was to obtain different kinds of topical vehicles formulation and compare their efficiency in the release of perillyl alcohol. The release kinetics was determined by using certain selected mathematical models.
Method:
Formulations of a hydrogel, O/W nanoemulsion, O/W macroemulsion and nanostructured lipid carrier were developed as carriers for perillyl alcohol - one of the promising anticancer natural agents. The release study of the active agents was carried out using the Spectra/Por Standard Regenerated Cellulose membrane, at temperature T=320C. The concentration of active agents in the receptor solution was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. The release kinetics was determined by using selected mathematical models.
Results:
The results of our release studies have shown that the highest and comparable amount of perillyl alcohol was released from hydrogel (35.72 ± 0.21%), NLC (35.54 ± 1.48%) and nanoemulsion (34.87 ± 4.49%). The release was found to follow Fickian diffusion in the case of hydrogel and macroemulsion, while an anomalous mechanism was observed in the case of nanoformulations. Nevertheless, the obtained nanoformulations, as well as a conventional hydrogel, may be considered potential vehicles in topical delivery of perillyl alcohol.
Insights
Perillyl alcohol, a natural anticancer agent, showed comparable release from hydrogel, nanostructured lipid carriers, and nanoemulsions for topical delivery. These formulations are promising for enhancing bioavailability of perillyl alcohol in skin cancer treatment.
Area of Science:
- Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Dermatology
- Oncology
Background:
- Skin cancers represent a significant global health challenge with increasing incidence.
- Perillyl alcohol is a natural compound with demonstrated anticancer properties.
- Enhancing the bioavailability of perillyl alcohol through advanced drug delivery systems is crucial for effective topical treatment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To formulate and evaluate various topical delivery systems for perillyl alcohol.
- To compare the in vitro release efficiency of perillyl alcohol from different formulations.
- To analyze the release kinetics using established mathematical models.
Main Methods:
- Development of topical formulations including hydrogel, O/W nanoemulsion, O/W macroemulsion, and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) for perillyl alcohol.
- In vitro release studies conducted using a regenerated cellulose membrane at 32°C.
- Quantification of perillyl alcohol concentration via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
- Analysis of release kinetics using mathematical models.
Main Results:
- Hydrogel, NLC, and nanoemulsion exhibited comparable and high release percentages of perillyl alcohol (35.72%, 35.54%, and 34.87%, respectively).
- Fickian diffusion characterized release from hydrogel and macroemulsion.
- Anomalous release mechanisms were observed for the nanoformulations (nanoemulsion and NLC).
Conclusions:
- Nanoformulations (NLC and nanoemulsion) and hydrogel are effective vehicles for topical delivery of perillyl alcohol.
- These delivery systems show potential for improving the therapeutic efficacy of perillyl alcohol in skin cancer treatment.
- Further research into these formulations could lead to advanced topical anticancer therapies.
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