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Related Concept Videos

Transcription01:10

Transcription

156.8K
Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...
156.8K
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

7.8K
Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
7.8K
Transcription Elongation Factors02:35

Transcription Elongation Factors

14.0K
Transcription elongation is a dynamic process that alters depending upon the sequence heterogeneity of the DNA being transcribed. Hence, it is not surprising that the elongation complex's composition also varies along the way while transcribing a gene.
The transcription elongation is regulated via pausing of RNA polymerase on several occasions during transcription. In bacteria, these halts are necessary because the transcription of DNA into mRNA is coupled to the translation of that mRNA...
14.0K
Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

82.8K
Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
82.8K
Prokaryotic Transcriptional Activators and Repressors01:58

Prokaryotic Transcriptional Activators and Repressors

25.5K
The organization of prokaryotic genes in their genome is notably different from that of eukaryotes. Prokaryotic genes are organized, such that the genes for proteins involved in the same biochemical process or function are located together in groups. This group of genes, along with their regulatory elements, are collectively known as an operon. The functional genes in an operon are transcribed together to give a single strand of mRNA known as polycistronic mRNA.
Transcription of prokaryotic...
25.5K
Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors01:52

Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors

11.0K
Certain biochemical processes, such as embryonic development and cell growth regulation, depend on the repression of specific genes. DNA binding proteins known as eukaryotic transcription inhibitors regulate the repression of gene expression in eukaryotes. The presence of these inhibitors at the required location and time in the cell is triggered by the presence of hormones and additional signals from other cells.
Eukaryotic transcription inhibitors usually contain two distinct domains, a...
11.0K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Amplicon Sequencing using the Long-Read Sequencing Technologies
08:57

Amplicon Sequencing using the Long-Read Sequencing Technologies

Published on: August 29, 2025

537

Long-Read Sequencing Revealed an Extensive Transcript Complexity in Herpesviruses.

Dóra Tombácz1, Zsolt Balázs1, Zsolt Csabai1

  • 1Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.

Frontiers in Genetics
|August 2, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Long-read sequencing (LRS) has revolutionized herpesvirus research, uncovering numerous novel RNA molecules and complex transcriptional overlaps. This technology reveals a hidden complexity within the herpesvirus transcriptome.

Keywords:
Oxford Nanopore TechnologiesPacBio sequencingherpesviruslong-read sequencingtranscript isoformstranscriptome

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Herpesviruses possess complex genomes with intricate transcriptional patterns.
  • Previous transcriptomic studies were limited by short-read sequencing technologies.
  • Understanding the full herpesvirus transcriptome is crucial for antiviral development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of long-read sequencing (LRS) on herpesvirus transcriptomics.
  • To highlight the novel RNA molecules and transcriptional complexities revealed by LRS.
  • To discuss the functional implications of these findings in herpesvirus research.

Main Methods:

  • Application of long-read sequencing (LRS) technologies to herpesvirus transcriptomes.
  • Analysis of novel coding and non-coding RNAs, transcript isoforms, and polycistronic RNAs.
  • Investigation of transcriptional overlaps between viral genes.

Main Results:

  • LRS has significantly increased the number of identified transcripts across herpesvirus subfamilies.
  • Numerous novel RNA molecules, including coding and non-coding RNAs, have been discovered.
  • Complex transcriptional overlaps between adjacent and distal genes have been uncovered.
  • Identification of transcript isoforms and polycistronic RNAs adds to transcriptome complexity.

Conclusions:

  • Long-read sequencing has unveiled unprecedented complexity in the herpesvirus transcriptome.
  • The discovered novel RNAs and transcriptional overlaps suggest sophisticated regulatory mechanisms.
  • Further research into the functional significance of these findings is warranted for a comprehensive understanding of herpesvirus biology.