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Access to drinking water: time matters.

A Cassivi1, R Johnston2, E O D Waygood3

  • 1University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada

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Access to safe drinking water is limited for many globally. Considering water collection time significantly reduces coverage estimates, highlighting the burden of fetching water.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Environmental Science
  • Water Resource Management

Background:

  • Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) reported achievements in drinking water access, but widespread issues persist.
  • An improved water source indicator does not account for the significant time spent collecting water.
  • In 2015, 26.3% of the global population lacked on-premises drinking water access, necessitating travel and carrying water.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the impact of including a 30-minute water collection time on drinking water access estimates.
  • To demonstrate the widespread burden of water collection and its effect on coverage metrics.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized household survey data from 17 diverse countries.
  • Incorporated a 30-minute travel time for water collection into access calculations.

Main Results:

  • Adding a 30-minute collection time component significantly reduced estimated drinking water access.
  • On average, the proportion of the population with access decreased by 13% across the 17 studied countries.

Conclusions:

  • Current drinking water access indicators may overestimate coverage by not factoring in collection time.
  • The burden of water collection disproportionately affects populations without on-premises water sources.
  • Revising water access metrics to include collection time provides a more accurate representation of water security.