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A 100 KW Class Applied-field Magnetoplasmadynamic Thruster

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Multi-kilowatt-class heaters for large hollow cathodes.

Christopher J Wordingham¹, Pierre-Yves C R Taunay¹, Edgar Y Choueiri¹

¹Electric Propulsion and Plasma Dynamics Laboratory, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.

The Review of Scientific Instruments

|August 3, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

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Graphite heaters offer a significant improvement for large lanthanum hexaboride hollow cathodes, increasing both power and operational life. This study demonstrates their feasibility for high-power applications.

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Plasma Physics
Vacuum Electronics

Background:

Large hollow cathodes require high heater power for ignition, exceeding the capabilities of current materials.
Existing cathode heaters face material interaction and failure issues at high temperatures, limiting high-power operation.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze heater materials and geometry for large lanthanum hexaboride hollow cathodes.
To investigate graphite heaters as a viable solution for high-power operation and extended lifespan.

Main Methods:

Developed simplified circuit and finite-element models to predict heater temperature and resistance.
Utilized a vacuum sublimation model to estimate heater operational life.
Fabricated and tested a graphite heater with a large-diameter lanthanum hexaboride hollow cathode.

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Main Results:

The graphite heater prototype successfully achieved cathode ignition and was tested up to 4.5 kW.
Measured heater resistance closely matched model predictions (within 8% for circuit model, 2.5% for finite-element model).
Vacuum sublimation model predicts an order-of-magnitude increase in operational life compared to existing heaters.

Conclusions:

Graphite heaters are a feasible high-power material for large lanthanum hexaboride hollow cathodes.
The developed models accurately predict heater performance.
Graphite heaters offer a substantial improvement in operational life, with a predicted 400 kh lifespan at 1500 °C.