Photoelectron spectroscopy studies of PTCDI on Ag/Si(111)-3×3

3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic diimide molecules were evaporated onto a Ag/Si(111)-3×3 surface and studied using photoelectron spectroscopy and near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS). All core levels related to the imide group of the molecules showed a partial shift to lower binding energies at low coverages. In NEXAFS spectra, the first transitions to the unoccupied states were weaker at low coverages compared to thicker films. Also, extra states in the valence band between the regular highest occupied molecular orbital and the Fermi level were found at low coverages. These changes were explained by two types of molecules. Due to charge transfer from the surface, these two types have different interactions between the imide group and the substrate. As a result, one type has a partially filled lowest unoccupied molecular orbital while the other type does not.