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Bonding in Metals02:32

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Metallic bonds are formed between two metal atoms. A simplified model to describe metallic bonding has been developed by Paul Drüde called the “Electron Sea Model”. 
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The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
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Group 1 elements are soft and shiny metallic solids. They are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity. The melting points of the alkali metals are unusually low for metals and decrease going down the group, while the density increases going down the group with the exception of potassium (Table 1).
Table 1: Properties of the alkali metals
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Bioavailability studies are essential for understanding how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted in the body. These studies assess the extent and rate at which the active pharmaceutical agent becomes available at the site of action. The design of bioavailability studies can involve single-dose or multiple-dose regimens, each with distinct advantages and limitations.Single-dose studies are the preferred approach due to their simplicity and reduced drug exposure for...
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Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
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Distinct multiple fermionic states in a single topological metal.

M Mofazzel Hosen1, Klauss Dimitri1, Ashis K Nandy2

  • 1Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA.

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|August 3, 2018
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Researchers discovered unique topological quantum material properties in Hf2Te2P. This material exhibits both weak and strong topological insulator surface states and a novel one-dimensional Dirac crossing, distinct from semimetal Fermi arcs.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Materials

Background:

  • Topological insulators feature symmetry-protected surface states.
  • Dirac nodal-line semimetals have bulk bands touching along a line.
  • Verifying multiple fermion phases in a single material remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically study the metallic material Hf2Te2P.
  • To investigate the existence of unique topological quantum material properties.
  • To explore the coexistence of multiple topological phases.

Main Methods:

  • Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) for experimental observation.
  • First-principles electronic structure calculations for theoretical analysis.
  • Systematic study of Hf2Te2P material properties.

Main Results:

  • Experimental observation of weak topological insulator surface states.
  • Theoretical suggestion of coexisting strong topological insulator surface states.
  • Discovery and ARPES confirmation of a novel one-dimensional Dirac crossing (surface Dirac-node arc).

Conclusions:

  • Hf2Te2P exhibits unique properties not previously verified in a single material.
  • The observed surface Dirac-node arc is distinct from semimetal Fermi arcs, originating from weak topological insulator surface bands.
  • This finding advances the understanding of topological quantum materials and their potential for novel electronic phenomena.