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Related Concept Videos

Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions02:21

Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions

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Substances that undergo either a physical or a chemical change in solution to yield ions that can conduct electricity are called electrolytes. If a substance yields ions in solution, that is, if the compound undergoes 100% dissociation, then the substance is a strong electrolyte. Complete dissociation is indicated by a single forward arrow. For example, water-soluble ionic compounds like sodium chloride dissociate into sodium cations and chloride anions in aqueous solution.
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Polymers02:34

Polymers

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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Electrolytes: van't Hoff Factor03:08

Electrolytes: van't Hoff Factor

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Colligative Properties of Electrolytes
The colligative properties of a solution depend only on the number, not on the identity, of solute species dissolved. The concentration terms in the equations for various colligative properties (freezing point depression, boiling point elevation, osmotic pressure) pertain to all solute species present in the solution. Nonelectrolytes dissolve physically without dissociation or any other accompanying process. Each molecule that dissolves yields one...
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Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

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Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
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Protein-protein Interfaces02:04

Protein-protein Interfaces

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Many proteins form complexes to carry out their functions, making protein-protein interactions (PPIs) essential for an organism's survival. Most PPIs are stabilized by numerous weak noncovalent chemical forces. The physical shape of the interfaces determines the way two proteins interact. Many globular proteins have closely-matching shapes on their surfaces, which form a large number of weak bonds. Additionally, many PPIs occur between two helices or between a surface cleft and a...
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Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

20.8K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications

Published on: August 12, 2013

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Silicon Surface Tethered Polymer as Artificial Solid Electrolyte Interface.

Brian H Shen1, Gabriel M Veith2, Wyatt E Tenhaeff3

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA.

Scientific Reports
|August 3, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) coating for silicon electrodes. This artificial solid electrolyte interface improves battery performance and stability by reducing electrolyte degradation and enhancing surface passivation.

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Metal-Assisted Electrochemical Nanoimprinting of Porous and Solid Silicon Wafers
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Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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Metal-Assisted Electrochemical Nanoimprinting of Porous and Solid Silicon Wafers
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Metal-Assisted Electrochemical Nanoimprinting of Porous and Solid Silicon Wafers

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Silicon thin film electrodes are promising for high-capacity batteries but suffer from large volume changes during cycling.
  • The formation of an unstable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) leads to poor cycling stability and capacity fade.
  • Developing stable artificial SEI layers is crucial for advancing silicon-based battery technology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a covalently grafted poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) polymer layer on silicon thin film electrodes.
  • To investigate the effectiveness of this PMMA layer as a stable artificial solid electrolyte interface (SEI).
  • To evaluate the impact of the artificial SEI on electrochemical performance and cycling stability.

Main Methods:

  • Surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) was used to graft PMMA brushes onto silicon thin film electrodes.
  • Electrochemical performance was assessed through cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic cycling.
  • Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was employed to analyze the resistance changes associated with SEI formation.

Main Results:

  • The PMMA polymer layer acted as a stable artificial SEI, enabling surface passivation during large volume changes.
  • First cycle coulombic efficiency improved from 62.4% (bare Si) to 76.3% (PMMA-grafted Si).
  • Average reversible capacity increased from 3157 to 3935 mAh g-1, while irreversible capacity decreased from 2011 to 1020 mAh g-1.
  • EIS data indicated significantly lower resistance growth in PMMA-functionalized electrodes compared to bare silicon, suggesting reduced electrolyte degradation.

Conclusions:

  • Covalently grafted PMMA brushes form a robust artificial SEI on silicon electrodes.
  • This artificial SEI effectively passivates the silicon surface, enhancing electrochemical performance and cycling stability.
  • The study presents a viable pathway for synthesizing artificial SEIs under controlled conditions for next-generation batteries.