Factorial Validity of the Work Ability Index Among Employees in Germany

Purpose The Work Ability Index (WAI) is a routinely applied instrument for the assessment of work ability. It is a single score index, based on the implicit assumption of a single factor underlying the construct of work ability. The few studies with a focus on the WAI's factor structure are mainly based on non-representative samples. The objective of this study was to examine the factor structure of the WAI within a representative sample of employees working in Germany, applying analysis procedures that consider the metric of the variables. Methods Analyses are based on a nationwide representative sample of employees aged 31-60 years from the "Study on Mental Health at Work" (German: S-MGA). Responses from n = 3968 participants were used in confirmatory factor analyses comparing competing models of the structure underlying the WAI. Results The results of the analyses suggest that the intercorrelations between the indicators of the WAI are explained better by a model with two correlated factors than by a simple one-factor structure. A model solely allowing a single loading for each indicator fits the data well and allows for an easy interpretation of the two underlying factors. Conclusions There are two correlated factors underlying the WAI: one refers to "subjective work ability and resources", the other one can be considered a "health related factor".