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Related Concept Videos

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

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Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of...
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Acute Coronary Syndrome I: Introduction01:30

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Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) encompasses a spectrum of heart conditions caused by sudden obstruction of coronary arteries, typically resulting from the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque and subsequent thrombus (blood clot) formation. This obstruction can lead to partial or complete blockage of blood flow, causing varying degrees of myocardial ischemia or infarction.ACS includes the following clinical entities:Unstable Angina (UA)Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI)ST-Elevation...
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Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction01:17

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Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is characterized by functional disturbances in the gastrointestinal system, presenting a cluster of symptoms without evident structural or biochemical abnormalities. It primarily affects the large intestine and may cause abdominal pain, bloating, excessive gas, diarrhea, constipation, or both.
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Restless Leg Syndrome and Night Terrors01:27

Restless Leg Syndrome and Night Terrors

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Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS), also known as Willis-Ekbom disease, is a neurological disorder characterized by an uncontrollable urge to move the legs due to uncomfortable sensations. These sensations typically occur during periods of rest or inactivity, particularly when lying down or sitting, and can severely disrupt sleep.
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Acute Coronary Syndrome V: Nursing Management01:26

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Nursing Assessment:Nursing management of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) involves taking the patient's history, focusing on primary complaints such as chest pain, dyspnea, and excessive sweating (diaphoresis), as well as other symptoms like back or jaw pain, nausea, vomiting, palpitations, dizziness, and fatigue. The nurse also reviews the patient's history of cardiac events, risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, smoking, family history, and current medications.In the objective assessment,...
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Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management01:26

Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management

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IntroductionNephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder marked by excessive protein loss in the urine, leading to various systemic complications. This condition often results from damage to the glomeruli—the kidney's filtering units—causing proteinuria, low blood protein levels, and fluid retention. Understanding the assessment, diagnosis, and management of nephrotic syndrome is essential for effective treatment and prevention of further kidney damage.AssessmentPatient History: Document...
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Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Turner Syndrome 45XO Fetal Cells for Downstream Modelling of Neurological Deficits Associated with the Syndrome
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Paraneoplastic Neurologic Syndromes.

Myrna R Rosenfeld1, Josep Dalmau2

  • 1Neuroimmunology, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Casanova 143, Barcelona, Spain 08036; Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.

Neurologic Clinics
|August 4, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes (PNS) are immune disorders linked to cancer. Identifying PNS likelihood involves considering the syndrome, patient factors, and specific antibodies for diagnosis and treatment, as some are highly responsive.

Keywords:
AntibodyAutoimmune encephalitisCancerNeurologicParaneoplastic

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Oncology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes (PNS) are immune-mediated disorders associated with cancer.
  • Distinguishing PNS from non-cancerous neurological conditions is crucial due to differing prognoses and treatments.
  • Patient demographics and cancer risk factors aid in assessing the likelihood of PNS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of accurate diagnosis of PNS.
  • To emphasize the role of antineuronal antibodies in PNS diagnosis and management.
  • To inform about the variable treatment responsiveness of different PNS.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes.
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria for PNS.
  • Correlation of clinical presentation, patient factors, and antibody profiles.

Main Results:

  • PNS diagnosis requires careful consideration of the specific neurologic syndrome and patient's cancer risk.
  • Antineuronal antibodies are key biomarkers for confirming PNS and guiding therapeutic strategies.
  • Treatment outcomes for PNS vary significantly, with some conditions showing high responsiveness.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate identification of PNS is essential for appropriate patient management.
  • Antineuronal antibody testing is a critical component of the diagnostic workup for suspected PNS.
  • While some PNS are challenging to treat, others offer good therapeutic potential.