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Pediatric frostbite: A 10-year single-center retrospective study

Ramy Boles1, Justin P Gawaziuk2, Nora Cristall3

  • 1Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Burns : Journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries
|August 4, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Frostbite in children is linked to cold temperatures, lack of supervision in younger kids, and substance use in adolescents. Prevention programs should address these key risk factors.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Environmental Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Frostbite, or freezing cold injured tissue, is a significant concern in pediatric populations.
  • Understanding intrinsic and extrinsic factors contributing to frostbite is crucial for prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe frostbite injuries in children.
  • To identify intrinsic (psychological, behavioral) and extrinsic (meteorological, safety) risk factors.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective chart review of pediatric patients (<18 years) with frostbite.
  • Analysis of demographics, environmental conditions, and associated risk factors.

Main Results:

  • Frostbite occurred between November and March, with median patient age of 15.
  • Associated factors included alcohol (53%), cigarettes (34%), marijuana (23%), and depression (32%).
  • Lower temperatures (<-23°C) and longer exposure increased surgical intervention likelihood. Lack of supervision (64%) was common in younger children (0-12 years), while intoxication (61%) was prevalent in adolescents (13-17 years).

Conclusions:

  • Frostbite injuries in children start at -6°C, with tissue loss risk increasing below -23°C.
  • Lack of supervision and intoxication are major pediatric frostbite risk factors.
  • Targeted, education-based prevention programs can mitigate these risks.
Abstract

Keywords:
ChildrenFrostbiteHypothermiaInjury

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