Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Breathing

Breathing

The process of breathing, inhaling and exhaling, involves the coordinated movement of the chest wall, the lungs, and the muscles that move them. Two muscle groups with important roles in breathing are the diaphragm, located directly below the lungs, and the intercostal muscles, which lie between the ribs. When the diaphragm contracts, it moves downward, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and creating more room for the lungs to expand. When the intercostal muscles contract, the ribs...

Intracellular Signaling Cascades

Intracellular Signaling Cascades

Once a ligand binds to a receptor, the signal is transmitted through the membrane and into the cytoplasm. The continuation of a signal in this manner is called signal transduction. Signal transduction only occurs with cell-surface receptors, which cannot interact with most components of the cell, such as DNA. Only internal receptors can interact directly with DNA in the nucleus to initiate protein synthesis. When a ligand binds to its receptor, conformational changes occur that affect the...

Rab Cascades

Rab Cascades

Rab GTPases act in a regulated cascade during membrane fusion, helping the lipid bilayers mix. The Rab family of proteins are active when bound to GTP, and inactive when bound to GDP. Hence, they act as guanine nucleotide-dependent molecular switches. Rab-GTP recognizes and binds to long or short-range tethering proteins to capture the target vesicle. These tethers coordinate with SNAREs on the vesicle and the target membrane to assemble the trans SNARE complex that locks the mixing bilayers.

Real Time RT-PCR

Real Time RT-PCR

Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, or Real-time RT-PCR, is an analytical tool used to determine the expression level of target genes. The method involves converting mRNA to complementary DNA with the help of an enzyme known as reverse transcriptase, followed by the PCR amplification of the cDNA. These two processes can be performed simultaneously in a single tube or separately as a two-step reaction.
The real-time quantification of the number of amplified products is...

Sample Preparation for Analysis: Advanced Techniques

Sample Preparation for Analysis: Advanced Techniques

Accurate analysis of complex samples often requires advanced preparation techniques to achieve reliable and reproducible results. Samples containing inorganic or organic materials can be challenging to dissolve or decompose effectively. Standard sample preparation methods include acid digestion, fusion, dry ashing, and wet digestion.
Acid digestion with strong acids is commonly used to dissolve inorganic materials that are insoluble (do not dissolve) in water. This method can be useful for...

Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade

Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade

When a ligand binds to a cell-surface receptor, the receptor's intracellular domain changes shape, which may either activate its enzyme function or allow its binding to other molecules. The initial signal is amplified by most signal transduction pathways. This means that a single ligand molecule can activate multiple molecules of a downstream target. Proteins that relay a signal are most commonly phosphorylated at one or more sites, activating or inactivating the protein. Kinases catalyze...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

DebrisWatch II: Digging Deeper for Geosynchronous Debris.

The journal of the astronautical sciences·2026

Same author

A Compact Multiplexed Hazardous Gas Sensing Platform for Real-Time Monitoring in Mining Scenarios.

ACS measurement science au·2026

Same author

Palladium-catalyzed asymmetric carbofluorination of <i>gem</i>-difluorostyrenes with cesium fluoride and allylic acetates.

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)·2026

Same author

Motivation biases behavior but not perception.

Communications psychology·2026

Same author

Glycan pairing in therapeutic IgG orchestrates Fcγ receptor engagement and ADCC: an integrated structure-function approach for thorough evaluation of Fc N-glycans as critical quality attributes.

mAbs·2026

Same author

Thermal Stability of IgG4 Monoclonal Antibodies: Ambiguous Roles of Cosolutes, Excipients, and Salts in Conformational and Colloidal States.

Molecular pharmaceutics·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Real-time Breath Analysis by Using Secondary Nanoelectrospray Ionization Coupled to High Resolution Mass Spectrometry

Real-time Breath Analysis by Using Secondary Nanoelectrospray Ionization Coupled to High Resolution Mass Spectrometry

Published on: March 9, 2018

Advanced Photonic Sensors Based on Interband Cascade Lasers for Real-Time Mouse Breath Analysis.

Erhan Tütüncü¹, Markus Nägele², Steffen Becker³

¹Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry , Ulm University , Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 , 89081 Ulm , Germany.

|August 4, 2018

Summary

This study presents a novel gas sensor for real-time monitoring of carbon dioxide (CO2) isotopes and oxygen in mouse breath. The developed sensor enables precise, online analysis of exhaled breath samples.

Keywords:

breath analysis electrospun polymer nanofiber interband cascade laser isotope enrichment substrate integrated hollow waveguides

More Related Videos

Real Time Monitoring of Intracellular Bile Acid Dynamics Using a Genetically Encoded FRET-based Bile Acid Sensor

Real Time Monitoring of Intracellular Bile Acid Dynamics Using a Genetically Encoded FRET-based Bile Acid Sensor

Published on: January 4, 2016

Multi-Photon Time Lapse Imaging to Visualize Development in Real-time: Visualization of Migrating Neural Crest Cells in Zebrafish Embryos

Multi-Photon Time Lapse Imaging to Visualize Development in Real-time: Visualization of Migrating Neural Crest Cells in Zebrafish Embryos

Published on: August 9, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Real-time Breath Analysis by Using Secondary Nanoelectrospray Ionization Coupled to High Resolution Mass Spectrometry

Real-time Breath Analysis by Using Secondary Nanoelectrospray Ionization Coupled to High Resolution Mass Spectrometry

Published on: March 9, 2018

Real Time Monitoring of Intracellular Bile Acid Dynamics Using a Genetically Encoded FRET-based Bile Acid Sensor

Real Time Monitoring of Intracellular Bile Acid Dynamics Using a Genetically Encoded FRET-based Bile Acid Sensor

Published on: January 4, 2016

Multi-Photon Time Lapse Imaging to Visualize Development in Real-time: Visualization of Migrating Neural Crest Cells in Zebrafish Embryos

Multi-Photon Time Lapse Imaging to Visualize Development in Real-time: Visualization of Migrating Neural Crest Cells in Zebrafish Embryos

Published on: August 9, 2017

Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Analytical Chemistry
Spectroscopy

Background:

Non-invasive monitoring of metabolic processes is crucial for physiological research.
Exhaled breath analysis offers a promising avenue for real-time physiological assessment.
Quantifying isotopic ratios in exhaled gases can provide insights into metabolic pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate a multiparameter gas sensor for simultaneous quantification of 13CO2/12CO2 isotopic ratios and oxygen.
To enable continuous, online monitoring of exhaled breath in small animal models.
To demonstrate the feasibility of isotope-selective breath analysis using microliter gas samples.

Main Methods:

Utilized distributed feedback interband cascade lasers (4.35 μm) for mid-infrared absorption spectroscopy.
Employed ultrafast electro-spun luminescence sensors for oxygen detection.
Integrated a dual-channel substrate-integrated hollow waveguide with balanced ratiometric detection.
Applied Allan variance analysis for measurement precision verification.

Main Results:

Achieved a CO2 measurement precision of 1.6‰ within a 480 s integration time.
Successfully performed routine online monitoring of exhaled breath in 14 instrumented mice.
Demonstrated the capability for isotope-selective analysis of microliter gas samples.

Conclusions:

The developed sensor platform enables precise, online, isotope-selective analysis of exhaled breath.
This technology facilitates non-invasive metabolic monitoring in small animal research.
The combined sensor system offers a significant advancement in breath analysis applications.