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Related Concept Videos

Power01:08

Power

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The concept of work involves force and displacement; meanwhile, the work-energy theorem relates the net work done on a body to the difference in its kinetic energy, calculated between two points on its trajectory. While none of these quantities or relations involves time explicitly, we know that the time available to accomplish work is often just as important as the amount of work itself. For example, sprinters in a race may have achieved the same velocity at the finish, therefore,...
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Series R—L Circuit Transients01:22

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In a series resistor-inductor (R-L) circuit, closing the switch at the start of the time period simulates a three-phase short circuit, a fault condition where all three phases of an unloaded synchronous machine are short-circuited. When there is no fault impedance and no initial current, the initial voltage is determined by the phase angle of the source voltage.
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Instantaneous power is important in electrical circuits, mainly when dealing with sinusoidal input. Instantaneous power, denoted as p(t), results from the multiplication of the instantaneous voltage (v(t)) across an element and the instantaneous current (i(t)) flowing through it. This relationship adheres to the passive sign convention and represents a fundamental principle in electrical engineering.
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Power engineers have introduced the concept of complex power to determine the cumulative effect of parallel loads. This idea plays a crucial role in power analysis because it encompasses all the details related to the power consumed by a specific load.
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Electric power is the product of current and voltage, represented in units of joules per second, or watts. For example, cars often have one or more auxiliary power outlets with which you can charge a cell phone or other electronic devices. These outlets may be rated at 20 amps and 12 volts, so that the circuit can deliver a maximum power of 240 watts. Consider a 25 Watt bulb and a 60 Watt bulb. The conversion of electrical energy produces heat and light, while the kinetic energy lost by the...
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In definite integration, Riemann sums approximate the area under a curve by dividing it into subintervals and summing the areas of rectangles. When these approximations follow predictable numerical patterns, such as arithmetic or polynomial sequences, sum formulas offer a more efficient and accurate way to compute the result. In particular, the sum of consecutive integers, squares, and cubes plays an essential role in simplifying these calculations, especially when dealing with uniform...
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Self-Powered Multifunctional Transient Bioelectronics.

Yujia Zhang1,2,3, Zhitao Zhou1,3, Zhen Fan4

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|August 7, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces self-powered, biodegradable silk electronics for implantable medical devices. These systems enable real-time monitoring and treatment of conditions like epilepsy, offering a promising platform for transient bioelectronics.

Keywords:
epilepsy treatmentoptical readoutsilk fibrointransient bioelectronicstriboelectric nanogenerators

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Transient electronics offer advantages for implantable biomedical applications due to controllable degradation and biocompatibility.
  • Current limitations include reliance on external power sources and a need for multifunctional capabilities.
  • Natural materials and device optimization are key for advancing bioresorbable electronic devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop implantable, biodegradable, and multifunctional silk-based systems powered by transient triboelectric nanogenerators (T²ENGs).
  • To enable real-time in vivo monitoring and therapeutic treatments for conditions such as epileptic seizures.
  • To create customizable devices with adjustable operating life and biomechanical sensitivity.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of silk-based transient triboelectric nanogenerators (T²ENGs).
  • Tuning of silk molecular size, surface structure, and device configuration to control device performance.
  • Integration of drug delivery and optical readout functions for anti-infection and degradation indication.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated customizable operating life and biomechanical sensitivity of T²ENGs.
  • Enabled localized drug delivery and noninvasive optical monitoring of device degradation.
  • Developed a wireless system with mobile-device readout and seizure-triggered therapeutic treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Silk-based T²ENGs represent a self-powered, transient, and multifunctional platform for implantable bioelectronics.
  • These systems show practical potential for advanced medical monitoring and treatment applications.
  • The technology offers a pathway towards more integrated and autonomous bioelectronic therapies.