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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Inhibition of Wound Epidermis Formation via Full Skin Flap Surgery During Axolotl Limb Regeneration
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Impacted teeth: Closed flap surgery.

Hessam Nowzari1, Angel Emmanuel Rodriguez1

  • 1Private Practice, Beverly Hills, California.

Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry : Official Publication of the American Academy of Esthetic Dentistry ... [Et Al.]
|August 7, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Closed flap surgery effectively treats impacted teeth, maintaining periodontal health and achieving excellent esthetic outcomes long-term. This reliable technique ensures favorable results following orthodontic treatment.

Keywords:
closed flap technique, evolution, impacted teeth, orthodontics

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Area of Science:

  • Periodontology
  • Orthodontics
  • Oral Surgery

Background:

  • Tooth impaction and overcrowding are common dental issues influenced by complex tooth and bone development.
  • Surgical exposure of impacted teeth is often necessary for orthodontic alignment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of the closed flap surgical technique on periodontal tissues.
  • To assess the esthetic outcomes of closed flap surgery for impacted teeth following orthodontic treatment.

Main Methods:

  • A pilot study involving 24 patients (mean age 15) who underwent closed flap surgery for impacted teeth exposure.
  • Evaluation of periodontal probing depths, bone levels, keratinized tissue, and esthetic appearance post-orthodontic treatment.

Main Results:

  • Post-orthodontic treatment, average probing depth was 2.2 mm and keratinized gingiva averaged 3.6 mm.
  • No significant radiographic bone loss or root resorption was observed.
  • All cases demonstrated satisfactory esthetic appearance of gingival margins.

Conclusions:

  • Closed flap surgical technique is associated with positive periodontal health and esthetic outcomes.
  • The procedure provides a reliable approach for treating impacted teeth, ensuring long-term periodontal and esthetic benefits post-orthodontics.