Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Stream Function01:20

Stream Function

2.1K
In two-dimensional incompressible fluid flow, the continuity equation is essential for ensuring mass conservation, meaning that any change in fluid entering or exiting a region is balanced by a corresponding change elsewhere. For incompressible flow, where density remains constant, this requirement simplifies to the condition that the divergence of the velocity field must be zero. Mathematically, this is expressed as,
2.1K
Steady Flow of a Fluid Stream01:27

Steady Flow of a Fluid Stream

766
Consider a control volume, such as a pipe with solid boundaries, through which fluid flows and changes direction due to the impulse exerted by the resulting force from the pipe walls. In steady flow, the mass of fluid entering the control volume at a given time, t, with velocity v1, is equal to the mass leaving after infinitesimal time dt, with velocity v2.
During this process, the momentum of the fluid within the control volume remains constant over the time interval dt. By applying the...
766
DC Generator01:19

DC Generator

2.1K
An alternator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy that varies sinusoidally, resulting in AC current. Meanwhile, a DC generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy, which are DC pulses with the same polarity. The construction of a DC generator is similar to that of an alternator, except that the pair of slip rings is replaced by a single split ring, also called a commutator. The commutator functions like a periodic rotary switch; it changes the contacts with the...
2.1K
Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

98.6K
The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features....
98.6K
Generation Time01:22

Generation Time

1.5K
Bacterial generation time, the period required for a bacterial population to double during its exponential growth phase, serves as a critical measure of microbial growth dynamics under optimal conditions. This parameter varies significantly across bacterial species and can be influenced by factors such as temperature, pH, and the availability of nutrients. For example, Escherichia coli can achieve a generation time of approximately 20 minutes, while Mycobacterium tuberculosis exhibits a much...
1.5K
Electric Generator: Alternator01:25

Electric Generator: Alternator

3.4K
Electric generators induce an emf by rotating a coil in a magnetic field. A simple alternator is an AC generator that creates electrical energy that varies sinusoidally with time. A simple alternator consists of a conducting loop that is placed inside a uniform magnetic field. The loop is connected to split rings connected to the external circuit with the help of brushes.
The magnetic flux passing through the coil varies sinusoidally as the loop rotates inside the magnetic field. This...
3.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Nonlinear combinatorial analysis of blood transcriptomes identifies PRKAR1A as a regulator of TDP-43 pathophysiology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Biology methods & protocols·2026
Same author

Inherent tissue homeostasis of the juvenile metaphysis provides a foundation for osteosarcoma development.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

User Engagement and Demographics of a Medical Society-Led Website for Scoliosis: An Analysis using Google Analytics.

Spine surgery and related research·2026
Same author

Multiscale numerical simulation based on Caflisch model to interpret power-induced quenching for sonochemical reactions.

Ultrasonics sonochemistry·2026
Same author

Sustained antigen-specific CD8+ T cell immunity post-mRNA booster requires notch pathway activation.

Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)·2026
Same author

Interaction between number of formed bubbles, reaction rate and flow velocity of acoustic streaming in the initiation period of power-induced quenching.

Ultrasonics sonochemistry·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Activating Molecules, Ions, and Solid Particles with Acoustic Cavitation
14:22

Activating Molecules, Ions, and Solid Particles with Acoustic Cavitation

Published on: April 11, 2014

15.6K

Cavitation and acoustic streaming generated by different sonotrode tips.

Yu Fang1, Takuya Yamamoto1, Sergey Komarov1

  • 1Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-02 Aza Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan.

Ultrasonics Sonochemistry
|August 7, 2018
PubMed
Summary

The conical sonotrode tip enhances cavitation treatment efficiency by altering acoustic streaming patterns. This shape widens the cavitation zone, leading to improved treatment outcomes compared to plane or truncated tips.

Keywords:
Acoustic cavitationAcoustic streamingCavitation zoneNumerical simulationPIVSonotrode tip shape

More Related Videos

Studying Cavitation Enhanced Therapy
07:36

Studying Cavitation Enhanced Therapy

Published on: April 9, 2021

5.8K
Fabrication, Operation and Flow Visualization in Surface-acoustic-wave-driven Acoustic-counterflow Microfluidics
12:26

Fabrication, Operation and Flow Visualization in Surface-acoustic-wave-driven Acoustic-counterflow Microfluidics

Published on: August 27, 2013

17.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Activating Molecules, Ions, and Solid Particles with Acoustic Cavitation
14:22

Activating Molecules, Ions, and Solid Particles with Acoustic Cavitation

Published on: April 11, 2014

15.6K
Studying Cavitation Enhanced Therapy
07:36

Studying Cavitation Enhanced Therapy

Published on: April 9, 2021

5.8K
Fabrication, Operation and Flow Visualization in Surface-acoustic-wave-driven Acoustic-counterflow Microfluidics
12:26

Fabrication, Operation and Flow Visualization in Surface-acoustic-wave-driven Acoustic-counterflow Microfluidics

Published on: August 27, 2013

17.9K

Area of Science:

  • Acoustics
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Cavitation treatment efficiency is crucial for various applications.
  • Sonotrode tip geometry significantly influences acoustic streaming and cavitation dynamics.
  • Optimizing sonotrode design is key to enhancing treatment efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how different sonotrode tip shapes (plane, truncated, conical) affect acoustic streaming and cavitation.
  • To determine the optimal tip shape for improving cavitation treatment efficiency.
  • To correlate experimental findings with numerical simulations.

Main Methods:

  • Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) to measure acoustic streaming flow patterns and velocity.
  • Weissler reaction to quantify cavitation efficiency.
  • A self-developed mathematical model for numerical simulation of acoustic streaming and cavitation zones.

Main Results:

  • Sonotrode tip shape significantly alters acoustic streaming: plane and truncated tips produce fast, downward flow, while conical tips generate slow, upward flow.
  • The conical tip demonstrated superior cavitation treatment efficiency compared to plane and truncated tips.
  • Numerical simulations confirmed that a wider cavitation zone and altered acoustic streaming near the conical tip enhance treatment efficiency.

Conclusions:

  • The conical sonotrode tip is more effective for cavitation treatment due to its influence on acoustic streaming and cavitation zone size.
  • Understanding the interplay between tip shape, acoustic streaming, and cavitation is vital for optimizing treatment parameters.
  • This study provides valuable insights for designing advanced sonotrodes for improved cavitation-based therapies.