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Related Concept Videos

Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

20.8K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
20.8K
Interphase00:54

Interphase

212.5K
The cell cycle occurs over approximately 24 hours (in a typical human cell) and in two distinct stages: interphase, which includes three phases of the cell cycle (G1, S, and G2), and mitosis (M). During interphase, which takes up about 95 percent of the duration of the eukaryotic cell cycle, cells grow and replicate their DNA in preparation for mitosis.
212.5K
Interphase00:56

Interphase

8.8K
The cell cycle occurs over approximately 24 hours (in a typical human cell) and in two distinct stages: interphase, which includes three phases of the cell cycle (G1, S, and G2), and mitosis (M). During interphase, which takes up about 95 percent of the duration of the eukaryotic cell cycle, cells grow and replicate their DNA in preparation for mitosis.
Phases of Interphase
Following each period of mitosis and cytokinesis, eukaryotic cells enter interphase, during which they grow and replicate...
8.8K
Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions02:21

Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions

72.0K
Substances that undergo either a physical or a chemical change in solution to yield ions that can conduct electricity are called electrolytes. If a substance yields ions in solution, that is, if the compound undergoes 100% dissociation, then the substance is a strong electrolyte. Complete dissociation is indicated by a single forward arrow. For example, water-soluble ionic compounds like sodium chloride dissociate into sodium cations and chloride anions in aqueous solution.
72.0K
Alkali Metals03:06

Alkali Metals

24.8K
Group 1 elements are soft and shiny metallic solids. They are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity. The melting points of the alkali metals are unusually low for metals and decrease going down the group, while the density increases going down the group with the exception of potassium (Table 1).
Table 1: Properties of the alkali metals
24.8K
Electrolytes: van't Hoff Factor03:08

Electrolytes: van't Hoff Factor

36.9K
Colligative Properties of Electrolytes
The colligative properties of a solution depend only on the number, not on the identity, of solute species dissolved. The concentration terms in the equations for various colligative properties (freezing point depression, boiling point elevation, osmotic pressure) pertain to all solute species present in the solution. Nonelectrolytes dissolve physically without dissociation or any other accompanying process. Each molecule that dissolves yields one...
36.9K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
05:33

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications

Published on: August 12, 2013

22.3K

Lithium metal stripping beneath the solid electrolyte interphase.

Feifei Shi1, Allen Pei1, David Thomas Boyle2

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|August 8, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lithium stripping in Li metal batteries creates nanovoids due to lithium vacancies. This subsurface process, driven by SEI layer cation diffusion, impacts lithium anode performance.

Keywords:
batterylithium metalpittingsolid electrolyte interphasestripping

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Focused Ion Beam Fabrication of LiPON-based Solid-state Lithium-ion Nanobatteries for In Situ Testing
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In Situ Neutron Powder Diffraction Using Custom-made Lithium-ion Batteries

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Battery Technology

Background:

  • Lithium deposition is well-studied in Li metal batteries.
  • Lithium stripping, a critical subsurface process, remains poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the fundamental mechanism of lithium stripping.
  • To visualize the buried interface between stripped lithium and the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI).

Main Methods:

  • In-situ visualization of the lithium-SEI interface during stripping.
  • Systematic measurement of lithium polarization behavior.
  • Analysis of surface morphology and void formation.

Main Results:

  • Observed nanovoids between lithium and SEI, attributed to lithium vacancies.
  • High-rate stripping leads to void aggregation, SEI collapse, and pitting.
  • Lithium cation diffusion through the SEI is the rate-determining step.
  • Surface heterogeneities (grain boundaries, slip lines) accelerate local lithium dissolution.

Conclusions:

  • Provides fundamental insights into the buried interface stripping mechanism.
  • Highlights the role of lithium vacancies and SEI properties.
  • Offers crucial information for designing improved lithium anodes and electrolytes.