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Simplified Synchronous Machine Model01:30

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The Synchronous Machine Model is a fundamental tool in analyzing and ensuring the transient stability of power systems. This model simplifies the representation of a synchronous machine under balanced three-phase positive-sequence conditions, assuming constant excitation and ignoring losses and saturation. The model is pivotal for understanding the behavior of synchronous generators connected to a power grid, particularly during transient events.
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

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Three-Phase Short Circuit—Unloaded Synchronous Machine01:21

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Conducting a three-phase short circuit test on an unloaded synchronous machine helps understand its impact on the system. The AC fault current's oscillogram, with the DC offset removed, reveals that the waveform amplitude decreases from an initially high value to a steady-state level for one phase of the machine.
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meta-Directing Deactivators: –NO2, –CN, –CHO, –⁠CO2R, –COR, –CO2H01:13

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All meta-directing substituents are deactivating groups. These substituents withdraw electrons from the aromatic ring, making the ring less reactive toward electrophilic substitution. For example, the nitration of nitrobenzene is 100,000 times slower than that of benzene because of the deactivating effect of the nitro group. The first step in an electrophilic aromatic substitution is the addition of an electrophile to form a resonance-stabilized carbocation. The energy diagrams for...
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Multifractal Spectrum Analysis for Assessing Pulmonary Nodule Malignancy
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One Pulmonary Lesion, 2 Synchronous Malignancies.

Masooma Aqeel1, Nevin Uysal-Biggs2, Timothy S Fenske2

  • 1Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.

Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports
|August 8, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This case report details a rare instance of primary lung adenocarcinoma coexisting with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) in a single lung lesion. Comprehensive workup is crucial for nonresolving pulmonary nodules in lymphoma patients.

Keywords:
cavitary nodulecollision histologylung cancermantle cell lymphomanon-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pulmonology
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
  • Secondary malignancies are a known risk for lymphoma survivors.
  • Synchronous primary lung cancer and lymphoma in the same lesion is exceptionally rare.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report an unusual case of primary lung adenocarcinoma coexisting with MCL.
  • To highlight the importance of comprehensive workup for atypical pulmonary lesions in lymphoma patients.

Main Methods:

  • Case presentation of a 55-year-old female with stage IV-B MCL.
  • Diagnostic imaging including PET-CT and CT scans.
  • Bronchoscopy with cytology.
  • Video-assisted thoracoscopic wedge resection for histopathological examination.

Main Results:

  • Histopathology confirmed a well-differentiated lung adenocarcinoma (stage T1a) with coexistent MCL foci within the same lesion.
  • Initial bronchoscopy and cytology were negative for malignancy.
  • The lesion was atypical for lymphoma on imaging.

Conclusions:

  • Synchronous primary lung adenocarcinoma and lymphoma at a single site is exceedingly rare.
  • Atypical pulmonary lesions in lymphoma patients require thorough investigation to exclude secondary malignancies.
  • Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment are guided by comprehensive workup.