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A resource-rational theory of set size effects in human visual working memory
Ronald van den Berg1, Wei Ji Ma2
1Department of Psychology, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden.
Cognitive limitations in visual working memory may stem from rational cost minimization. The brain balances behavioral error costs with neural encoding costs, influencing how many items are precisely encoded.
Area of Science:
- Cognitive Neuroscience
- Computational Neuroscience
- Psychology
Background:
- Encoding precision in visual working memory declines as the number of items increases.
- Previous research has observed set size effects and the influence of probing probability on memory performance.
Purpose of the Study:
- To propose a normative theory explaining set size effects in visual working memory.
- To develop a computational model based on minimizing weighted costs (behavioral error and neural encoding).
- To investigate the role of probing probability and resource allocation in visual working memory.
Main Methods:
- Constructed a computational model based on a normative theory of cost minimization.
- Tested the model's predictions against data from nine delayed-estimation experiments.
- Analyzed the effects of set size and probing probability on encoding precision.
Main Results:
- The model successfully predicts set size effects in visual working memory.
- Probing probability was found to mediate these set size effects.
- The model accurately accounted for experimental data regarding encoding precision.
- Support was found for non-monotonic variation in invested resources with set size.
- Optimal strategies can involve encoding subsets or no items.
Conclusions:
- Cognitive 'limitations' may represent rational strategies for minimizing costs rather than inherent constraints.
- The brain's resource allocation in visual working memory is guided by a cost-benefit analysis.
- This normative approach offers a new perspective on understanding cognitive capacity limits.
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