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Related Concept Videos

Quantum Numbers02:43

Quantum Numbers

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It is said that the energy of an electron in an atom is quantized; that is, it can be equal only to certain specific values and can jump from one energy level to another but not transition smoothly or stay between these levels.
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The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom02:45

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

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Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.
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2D NMR: Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Correlation Spectroscopy (HSQC)01:19

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Heteronuclear single-quantum correlation spectroscopy (HSQC) is a 2D NMR technique that reveals one-bond correlations between hydrogen and a heteronucleus. The HSQC experiment is similar to the heteronuclear correlation experiment (HETCOR) but is more sensitive. In the HSQC spectrum, the proton chemical shift is plotted on the horizontal F2 axis, while the 13C chemical shift is plotted on the vertical F1 axis. The corresponding proton and 13C spectra are also shown. The HSQC contour plot does...
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The Dot Product01:26

The Dot Product

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Measuring how one directional quantity affects another along a specific path involves comparing their orientation and strength. When two such quantities are represented using direction and amount, a numerical result is computed to show how much one acts along the path of the other. This result comes from a rule combining both inputs' horizontal and vertical parts and adding the results.This calculation gives a single value that grows larger when both inputs point in similar directions and...
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Dot Product01:29

Dot Product

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The dot product is an essential concept in mathematics and physics.
In engineering, the dot product of any two vectors is the product of the magnitudes of the vectors and the cosine of the angle between them. It is denoted by a dot symbol between the two vectors.
Consider a vehicle pulling an object along the ground using a rope. If the rope makes an angle with the horizontal axis, the work done can be calculated using the dot product of the force applied and the object's displacement.
The dot...
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Dot Product: Problem Solving01:21

Dot Product: Problem Solving

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The dot product is a powerful tool in problem-solving involving vectors, given that the dot product of two vectors is the product of their magnitudes and the cosine of the angle between them measured anti-clockwise. Solving problems involving the dot product requires understanding its properties and developing a step-by-step process to solve them. Here are the main steps to follow when solving any general problem involving the dot product:
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Compact Quantum Dots for Single-molecule Imaging
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Single-Nanoparticle Cell Barcoding by Tunable FRET from Lanthanides to Quantum Dots.

Chi Chen1, Lijiao Ao2, Yu-Tang Wu1

  • 1NanoBioPhotonics, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, CEA, 91400, Orsay, France.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|August 8, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed novel quantum dots (QDs) for multicolor cell imaging. This nanoparticle barcoding method enables distinguishing four cell types in a single measurement without mixing different nanoparticles.

Keywords:
FRETimaginglanthanidesphotoluminescence lifetimesquantum dots

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Biomedical Imaging
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Multiparameter imaging using fluorescence nanoparticles offers advantages but faces challenges in creating concentration-independent codes.
  • Existing methods struggle with multiplexed cellular imaging using single-wavelength excitation and emission without mixing nanoparticle types.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel single-nanoparticle barcoding strategy for multiplexed cellular imaging.
  • To create concentration-independent fluorescence codes using quantum dots (QDs) with varying silica shell thicknesses and lanthanide complexes.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesized QDs with two distinct SiO2 shell thicknesses (6 and 12 nm).
  • Coated QDs with two lanthanide complexes (Terbium and Europium) to act as donors.
  • Utilized Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) from lanthanide donors to QD acceptors.
  • Encoded distinct photoluminescence (PL) decays using time-gated (TG) PL intensity detection across three temporal windows.

Main Results:

  • Achieved four distinct PL decay signatures from single nanoparticles.
  • Demonstrated successful barcoding of four different cell types in live cell imaging.
  • Enabled unambiguous distinction of four cell types within a single field of view in one measurement.

Conclusions:

  • Developed a robust single-color barcoding strategy using FRET-coupled QDs.
  • This method overcomes limitations of traditional nanoparticle mixing for multiplexed imaging.
  • Opens new avenues for advanced multiplexed labeling and tracking of cells in biological research.