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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Quantum dynamics
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Two-dimensional systems of interacting Dirac fermions are crucial for exploring novel quantum phenomena.
  • Floquet engineering allows for the manipulation of material properties using periodic drives, such as circularly polarized light.
  • Understanding transient dynamics is key to controlling quantum systems and realizing novel functionalities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the transient dynamics of gap opening in interacting Dirac fermions under circularly polarized light.
  • To elucidate the role of electron-electron interactions in the gap opening process and Floquet band engineering.
  • To identify conditions for achieving a well-defined Floquet gap before detrimental heating effects dominate.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical study of a two-dimensional system of interacting Dirac fermions.
  • Analysis of transient dynamics under a quenched drive with circularly polarized light.
  • Characterization using generalized spectral functions and correlators probed by photoemission experiments.

Main Results:

  • Electron-electron interactions induce dephasing, setting the timescale for gap emergence.
  • Interactions provide a heating mechanism that must be mitigated for successful Floquet band engineering.
  • A parameter regime with moderate driving frequencies allows for studying the Floquet gap before significant heating.

Conclusions:

  • Electron interactions play a dual role in Floquet band engineering, enabling gap opening while causing heating.
  • Controlling timescales is crucial for harnessing Floquet topological phases in interacting systems.
  • Photoemission spectroscopy can probe the transient dynamics and characterize the Floquet gap in driven quantum systems.