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Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...
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In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
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NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of...
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The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...
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Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
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Quantum Plasmonic Nonreciprocity in Parity-Violating Magnets.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Mechanics

Background:

  • Optical responses in metals are typically governed by plasmonic resonances, involving collective electron oscillations.
  • Parity-violating magnetic metals present unique electronic properties due to their specific crystal structures and magnetic ordering.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and characterize a novel class of plasmons, termed quantum metric plasmons (QMPs).
  • To investigate the origin and manifestations of nonreciprocity in these new plasmons within parity-violating magnetic metals.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of Bloch wave functions and their quantum metric properties.
  • Investigation of plasmonic responses in the context of time-reversal and parity symmetry violations.
  • Exploration of materials with both symmetric and asymmetric single-particle dispersions.

Main Results:

  • Identified quantum metric plasmons (QMPs) arising from the dipolar distribution of the quantum metric in parity-violating magnetic metals.
  • Demonstrated intrinsic nonreciprocity in bulk plasmons due to QMPs, observable even with symmetric single-particle dispersions.
  • Showcased that QMPs are sensitive to hidden time-reversal and parity violations within Bloch wave functions.
  • Observed that quantum metric dipole-induced nonreciprocity can dominate at high frequencies in materials with asymmetric dispersions.

Conclusions:

  • Quantum metric plasmons represent a new class of plasmons with unique nonreciprocal properties.
  • QMPs offer a sensitive probe for detecting subtle symmetry violations in quantum materials.
  • Potential realization of QMPs in various parity-violating magnets, including twisted bilayer graphene, is anticipated.