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Are we adequately evaluating subsidized veterinary services? A scoping review.
Tessa Baker1, Susan Kutz1, Lorraine Toews2
1Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, University of Calgary Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada.
Preventive Veterinary Medicine
|August 9, 2018
Summary
Comprehensive evaluations of subsidized veterinary services are rare, yet crucial for guiding animal and public health programs. This review highlights the need for more robust program assessments to improve veterinary service delivery and research.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Public Health
- One Health
- Program Evaluation
Background:
- The World Health Organization (WHO) and World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) emphasize veterinary services for zoonotic disease control, human injury prevention, and animal welfare.
- Both organizations recommend regular evaluations of veterinary programs to ensure effectiveness and identify areas for improvement.
Purpose of the Study:
- To conduct a scoping review of peer-reviewed evaluations of subsidized small animal veterinary services.
- To collate data on the effects of these services on animal and public health.
- To summarize evaluation methods, identify key journals, and pinpoint knowledge gaps in this research area.
Main Methods:
- A systematic search of CAB Abstracts, PubMed, and Scopus databases was performed for studies published between 2009 and 2016.
- Initial screening of 1441 records was followed by title, keyword, abstract, and full-text review to identify relevant papers.
- 32 papers evaluating 27 distinct programs were included in the final analysis.
Main Results:
- Evaluations covered zoonotic disease prevention (9 papers), animal welfare and control (9 papers), and One Health promotion (14 papers), with a broad global distribution, particularly in Africa and Asia (rabies vaccination programs).
- Most papers (72%) employed multiple data collection methods, primarily questionnaires (22 papers) and administrative records (21 papers).
- Common animal health indicators included program reach and population demographics; public health indicators focused on barriers, costs, perceived threats, and community knowledge.
Conclusions:
- Comprehensive evaluations of subsidized veterinary services are notably uncommon in the peer-reviewed literature, with only 32 relevant papers identified.
- Despite their scarcity, program evaluations are vital for informing service delivery and future research directions.
- Increased efforts in evaluating subsidized veterinary services are warranted due to their significant impact and associated costs.
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