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Nicotine and the renin-angiotensin system
Joshua M Oakes1, Robert M Fuchs2, Jason D Gardner1
1Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center , New Orleans, Louisiana.
Summary
Nicotine, found in e-cigarettes, disrupts the body's natural balance, potentially harming cardiovascular and pulmonary health. This disruption involves key systems that regulate blood pressure and fluid balance, increasing disease risk.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Science
- Pharmacology
- Physiology
Background:
- Cigarette smoking is a primary risk factor for cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases (CVPD).
- E-cigarettes (electronic nicotine delivery systems) are gaining popularity, raising concerns about their safety compared to traditional cigarettes.
- The impact of nicotine on cardiopulmonary health, especially among young people, requires further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the interaction between nicotine and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS).
- To understand how nicotine affects cardiovascular and pulmonary functions.
- To assess the potential contribution of nicotine to CVPD development.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on nicotine's effects on the renin-angiotensin system.
- Analysis of studies examining the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)/angiotensin (ANG)-II/ANG II type 1 receptor axis.
- Examination of the ACE2/ANG-(1-7)/Mas receptor axis in relation to nicotine exposure.
Main Results:
- Nicotine exposure appears to upregulate the detrimental ACE/ANG-II/ANG II type 1 receptor axis.
- Nicotine exposure seems to downregulate the compensatory ACE2/ANG-(1-7)/Mas receptor axis.
- These alterations in the RAS contribute to the development of cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases.
Conclusions:
- Nicotine disrupts the homeostasis of the renin-angiotensin system.
- This disruption promotes a pro-disease state, increasing the risk of CVPD.
- Further research is crucial to understand the long-term cardiopulmonary risks associated with nicotine inhalation devices.
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