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Related Concept Videos

Buffers02:56

Buffers

173.1K
A solution containing appreciable amounts of a weak conjugate acid-base pair is called a buffer solution, or a buffer. Buffer solutions resist a change in pH when small amounts of a strong acid or a strong base are added. A solution of acetic acid and sodium acetate is an example of a buffer that consists of a weak acid and its salt: CH3COOH (aq) + CH3COONa (aq). An example of a buffer that consists of a weak base and its salt is a solution of ammonia and ammonium chloride: NH3 (aq) + NH4Cl...
173.1K
Gas Chromatography: Introduction01:13

Gas Chromatography: Introduction

4.0K
Gas chromatography (GC) is a technique for separating and analyzing volatile compounds in a sample. Its primary purpose is to identify and quantify components in complex mixtures, making it essential in fields such as environmental analysis, pharmaceuticals, and petrochemicals. GC is also called vapor-phase chromatography (VPC) or gas-liquid partition chromatography (GLPC).
In GC,  a sample is vaporized and mixed with an inert carrier gas (the mobile phase), which transports it through a...
4.0K
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction01:11

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction

3.6K
High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), formerly referred to as High-pressure liquid chromatography, is a powerful technique used to separate, identify, and quantify components in complex mixtures. The term "high pressure" refers to using high pressure to push the liquid mobile phase through the tightly packed columns.
In HPLC, two phases play a critical role in the separation process:
3.6K
Calculating pH Changes in a Buffer Solution02:45

Calculating pH Changes in a Buffer Solution

58.8K
A buffer can prevent a sudden drop or increase in the pH of a solution after the addition of a strong acid or base up to its buffering capacity; however, such addition of a strong acid or base does result in the slight pH change of the solution. The small pH change can be calculated by determining the resulting change in the concentration of buffer components, i.e., a weak acid and its conjugate base or vice versa. The concentrations obtained using these stoichiometric calculations can be used...
58.8K
Buffers: Buffer Capacity01:09

Buffers: Buffer Capacity

2.5K
Buffer capacity is the quantitative measure of a buffer to resist the change in pH. As shown in the following equation, the buffer capacity, denoted by 'beta', is expressed as the number of moles of acid or base needed to change the pH of a one-liter buffer solution by 1 unit. Here, Ca and Cb indicate the number of moles of acid and base, respectively. Note that dpH represents the change in pH.
In the graph, pH is plotted as a function of the number of moles of base (Cb) added to a weak...
2.5K
Buffer Effectiveness02:19

Buffer Effectiveness

55.4K
Buffer solutions do not have an unlimited capacity to keep the pH relatively constant . Instead, the ability of a buffer solution to resist changes in pH relies on the presence of appreciable amounts of its conjugate weak acid-base pair. When enough strong acid or base is added to substantially lower the concentration of either member of the buffer pair, the buffering action within the solution is compromised.
The buffer capacity is the amount of acid or base that can be added to a given volume...
55.4K

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Ion-Trap-Performance Enhancement Utilizing Pulsed Buffer-Gas Introduction.

Timothy Vazquez1, Colette Taylor1, Theresa Evans-Nguyen1

  • 1Department of Chemistry , University of South Florida , 4202 East Fowler Avenue , Tampa , Florida 33620 , United States.

Analytical Chemistry
|August 9, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pulsed helium introduction in 3D quadrupole ion traps enhances ion trapping efficiency and resolution by approximately twofold. This novel method improves signal intensity while retaining resolution, optimizing ion analysis.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Mass Spectrometry

Background:

  • Conventional 3D quadrupole ion traps use continuous helium gas for ion cooling and improved trapping.
  • Continuous gas flow can lead to ion losses during scan-out, limiting performance.
  • Optimizing ion trapping is crucial for enhancing mass spectrometry sensitivity and resolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate a novel pulsed helium introduction method for 3D quadrupole ion traps.
  • To improve ion trapping resolution and total ion signal.
  • To mitigate ion losses associated with continuous gas introduction.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of a pulsed helium gas delivery system in a digitally driven 3D quadrupole ion trap.
  • Operation of the ion trap in resonance-ejection mode.
  • Comparison of performance metrics (resolution, ion signal) between pulsed and continuous helium introduction.

Main Results:

  • Pulsed helium introduction improved ion trap resolution by approximately a factor of two.
  • High resolution was maintained even with increased total ion signal.
  • Elimination of unwanted ion ejections at other harmonic secular frequencies was observed.

Conclusions:

  • Pulsed helium introduction is an effective strategy for enhancing 3D quadrupole ion trap performance.
  • This method offers improved resolution and signal intensity compared to continuous gas introduction.
  • Further optimization of timing synchronization can maximize signal intensity and ion ejection efficiency.