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Related Concept Videos

RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
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RNA Stability01:53

RNA Stability

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Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
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Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

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Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
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RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

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Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
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Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

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Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
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Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

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Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 6, 2026

RNA Next-Generation Sequencing and a Bioinformatics Pipeline to Identify Expressed LINE-1s at the Locus-Specific Level
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Single-cell RNA sequencing technologies and bioinformatics pipelines.

Byungjin Hwang1, Ji Hyun Lee2,3, Duhee Bang4

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.

Experimental & Molecular Medicine
|August 10, 2018
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Summary

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) advances enable single-cell analyses, revealing rare cell populations and gene interactions. This review covers technical and computational challenges in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) for biological discovery.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics and Molecular Biology
  • Single-cell analysis technologies

Background:

  • Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has rapidly advanced biological insights across various fields.
  • Current NGS applications increasingly focus on single-cell characterization for deeper understanding.
  • Single-cell analyses offer advantages over traditional bulk population profiling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review technical challenges in single-cell isolation and library preparation for scRNA-seq.
  • To discuss computational analysis pipelines for scRNA-seq data.
  • To highlight the potential of single-cell technologies in basic and medical science.

Main Methods:

  • Focus on technical aspects of single-cell isolation.
  • Examination of library preparation methods for scRNA-seq.
  • Review of computational pipelines for analyzing scRNA-seq data.

Main Results:

  • Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) can identify rare cell populations.
  • scRNA-seq reveals gene regulatory networks and developmental trajectories.
  • Technical and computational improvements are crucial for advancing the field.

Conclusions:

  • Single-cell analyses provide novel biological insights beyond bulk methods.
  • Overcoming technical and computational hurdles is key to maximizing scRNA-seq potential.
  • Further advancements will enhance both fundamental research and clinical applications.