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Related Concept Videos

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Background and Environment Affect Phenotype

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Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
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Electrical devices in any circuit can be connected either by series or parallel connections. Additionally, circuits can be connected involving both of these connections, known as combination or complex circuits. As these circuits have complex resistor connections, it is necessary to identify different parts as either series or parallel connections, then the whole combination of series and parallel resistors can be reduced to a single equivalent resistance. With the known equivalent resistance...
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Functions can be combined to form new mathematical models that describe interactions between variables. These combinations are fundamental in understanding relationships between changing quantities and are commonly encountered in scientific and engineering contexts. The combination methods—addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and composition—each have unique implications for the resulting function’s domain and behavior.When combining functions through arithmetic...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 6, 2026

High-throughput DNA Extraction and Genotyping of 3dpf Zebrafish Larvae by Fin Clipping
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Combining genotypic and phenotypic analyses on single mutant zebrafish larvae.

Barbara Dupret1,2, Pamela Völkel1,2,3, Pauline Follet1,2,4,5

  • 1Inserm U908, Cell Plasticity & Cancer, Lille, France.

Methodsx
|August 10, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel method for analyzing zebrafish mutants, enabling simultaneous genotyping and phenotypic studies on single larvae. This technique overcomes challenges posed by homozygous lethal mutations, advancing zebrafish research.

Keywords:
GenotypingHistologyHistone extractionProtein extractionRNA extractionSpinal cord regenerationZebrafish

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Genetics
  • Animal models

Background:

  • Zebrafish are crucial for studying vertebrate development and disease.
  • Genome editing technologies like CRISPR/Cas9 have increased zebrafish mutant generation.
  • Homozygous lethal mutations hinder the creation of complete mutant lines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a method for simultaneous genotyping and phenotypic analysis of zebrafish mutants.
  • To enable research on homozygous lethal mutations.
  • To optimize protocols for single zebrafish embryos and larvae.

Main Methods:

  • Larval tail transection for genotyping.
  • Phenotypic analysis of the anterior larval part.
  • Protocols for histology, protein/histone extraction (Western blot), RNA extraction (RT-PCR), and spinal cord regeneration studies.

Main Results:

  • A streamlined procedure for analyzing mutant zebrafish larvae from heterozygous incrosses.
  • Successful application of the method on single embryos and larvae.
  • Facilitation of comprehensive studies despite homozygous lethality.

Conclusions:

  • The presented method enhances the utility of zebrafish as a model organism.
  • It allows for detailed characterization of mutants with embryonic or larval lethal phenotypes.
  • This technique supports advanced genetic and developmental studies in zebrafish.