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Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Toluidine Blue Staining of Resin-Embedded Sections for Evaluation of Peripheral Nerve Morphology
Published on: July 3, 2018
Isotherm and kinetic modelling of Toluidine Blue (TB) removal from aqueous solution using Lemna minor
Emilia Neag1, Dana Malschi2, Andrada Măicăneanu3
1a INCDO-INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation , Cluj-Napoca , Romania.
Abstract:
The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of Lemna minor for Toluidine Blue (TB) removal. Influence of the initial concentration over the removal process was considered. Experimental data have been analyzed using Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R), and Elovich isotherm models. In addition, several kinetic models, pseudo-first-, pseudo-second-order, intraparticle and film diffusion models were considered. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm suggested a favorable adsorption of TB by Lemna minor plants. From the D-R the mean free energy was calculated to be 11.18 kJ/mol, which indicates that TB adsorption was characterized by a chemisorption process. Kinetic studies showed that liquid film diffusion plays an important role during the process. Adsorption capacities of up to 26.69 mg/g and a high capacity of adaptation indicated that phytoremediation using Lemna minor could be a valuable alternative for dyes removal from wastewaters.
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