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Related Concept Videos

Hearing01:31

Hearing

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When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
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Line Loss01:10

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The different configurations of source-load connections include wye (star) and delta connections. The relationship between line and phase voltages and currents varies depending on the configuration. When the source is supplying power, it is transmitted through the wires to the load, and during this transmission, some power is absorbed by the wires, leading to line loss.
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Reducing Line Loss01:18

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In a three-phase circuit, line loss is an indicator of energy dissipated as heat due to the resistance of transmission lines. To address this, incorporating transformers into the system—a step-up transformer at the source and a step-down transformer at the load—is a strategic solution. Two three-phase transformers are introduced to improve this.
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Energy Losses in Transformers01:21

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In an ideal transformer, it is assumed that there are no energy losses, and, hence, all the power at the primary winding is transferred to the secondary winding. However, in reality,  the transformers always have some energy losses, and, hence, the output power obtained at the secondary winding is less than the input power at the primary winding due to energy losses.
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Major Losses in Pipes01:28

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When a fluid flows through a pipe, it experiences energy losses due to frictional resistance along the pipe walls, known as major losses. These energy losses result in a pressure drop, which varies based on the flow conditions — whether laminar or turbulent — and the specific physical properties of the fluid and pipe.
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Minor Losses in Pipes01:25

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In pipe systems, minor losses refer to energy losses arising from components such as valves, bends, fittings, expansions, and other features that disrupt the steady flow of fluid. These disturbances cause energy dissipation through turbulence and resistance, which engineers quantify to manage system efficiency effectively.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Modified Experimental Conditions for Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in Mice and Assessment of Hearing Function and Outer Hair Cell Damage
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Modified Experimental Conditions for Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in Mice and Assessment of Hearing Function and Outer Hair Cell Damage

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Occupational Noise-Induced Hearing Loss.

Raúl Mirza1, D Bruce Kirchner, Robert A Dobie

  • 1American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Elk Grove, Illinois.

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
|August 11, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Occupational hearing loss is preventable. Occupational and environmental medicine physicians are key to preventing noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) through best practices in diagnosis.

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational Medicine
  • Audiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Occupational hearing loss is a significant public health issue.
  • Prevention strategies emphasize a hierarchy of controls.
  • The role of occupational and environmental medicine (OEM) physicians is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To clarify best practices for diagnosing occupational noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL).
  • To provide guidance for occupational and environmental medicine physicians.
  • To emphasize the importance of a structured approach to NIHL diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature and guidelines on NIHL diagnosis.
  • Emphasis on the hierarchy of controls in prevention.
  • Role of audiological assessment and medical evaluation.

Main Results:

  • Diagnosis of NIHL requires a comprehensive approach.
  • Engineering controls are the most effective preventive measure.
  • Accurate diagnosis relies on detailed occupational and audiometric history.

Conclusions:

  • Occupational hearing loss is preventable with proper controls and diagnosis.
  • OEM physicians are central to preventing NIHL.
  • Adherence to best diagnostic practices is essential for effective prevention.