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Related Concept Videos

Confirmation Biases01:31

Confirmation Biases

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The confirmation bias is the tendency to focus on information that confirms our existing beliefs and ignore information that is inconsistent with our expectations. For example, if you think that your professor is not very nice, you notice all of the instances of rude behavior exhibited by the professor while ignoring the countless pleasant interactions he is involved in on a daily basis. Have you ever fallen prey to the confirmation bias, either as the source or target of such bias?
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Hindsight Biases01:12

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Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now? 
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Bias01:22

Bias

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Bias refers to any tendency that prevents a question from being considered unprejudiced. In research, bias occurs when one outcome or answer is selected or encouraged over others in sampling or testing. Bias can occur during any research phase, including study design, data collection, analysis, and publication.
In statistics, a sampling bias is created when a sample is collected from a population, and some members of the population are not as likely to be chosen as others (remember, each member...
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Correspondence Bias01:17

Correspondence Bias

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Correspondence bias, also referred to as the fundamental attribution error, describes the tendency to attribute another person’s behavior to internal characteristics rather than situational influences. This cognitive bias leads individuals to overlook external factors that may be influencing actions, thereby fostering potentially inaccurate assessments of others’ intentions and dispositions.Empirical Evidence for Correspondence BiasResearch has consistently demonstrated the...
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Self-Serving Bias01:29

Self-Serving Bias

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Self-serving bias is a cognitive phenomenon in which individuals attribute positive outcomes to internal factors such as their abilities, intelligence, or effort while attributing negative outcomes to external circumstances. This cognitive distortion helps maintain self-esteem but can also impede objective self-assessment.Theoretical Explanations of Self-Serving BiasTwo primary theories explain the self-serving bias: the cognitive explanation and the motivational explanation.The cognitive...
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Motivational Bias01:25

Motivational Bias

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Cognitive bias results from limitations in thinking and information processing, leading to systematic errors in judgment. Conversely, motivational bias stems from personal desires or emotions, causing distortions in perception to align with self-interest. Motivational bias influences how individuals perceive and attribute causes to events, often shaped by personal needs, goals, and self-esteem preservation. This bias can distort judgment, leading to inaccurate assessments of success, failure,...
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Split-brain patients: Visual biases for faces.

Giulia Prete1, Luca Tommasi1

  • 1Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti and Pescara, Chieti, Italy.

Progress in Brain Research
|August 12, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Split-brain research reveals right hemisphere superiority in face recognition and processing. Further studies on these patients can advance understanding of hemispheric specialization for social stimuli.

Keywords:
Face perceptionHemispheric asymmetrySocial cognitionSplit-brain patientsVisual processing

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Split-brain patients undergo corpus callosotomy, severing connections between cerebral hemispheres.
  • This procedure, initially for epilepsy, offers insights into isolated hemispheric function.
  • Early views of complete isolation are evolving towards dynamic functional reorganization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate hemispheric specialization for social stimuli processing in split-brain patients.
  • To explore the role of each hemisphere in face perception and emotion processing.
  • To assess the impact of callosotomy on cognitive abilities.

Main Methods:

  • Studying split-brain patients with callosotomy.
  • Neuropsychological assessments of perceptual and cognitive abilities.
  • Analyzing evidence on hemispheric asymmetries in face and emotion recognition.

Main Results:

  • Confirmed right-hemispheric superiority in face recognition and processing.
  • Right hemisphere demonstrated superiority in recognizing faces similar to the observer.
  • Evidence on hemispheric asymmetries for facial emotion processing remains controversial, with some suggesting right-hemisphere dominance and others complementary roles.

Conclusions:

  • Evidence from split-brain patients remains crucial for understanding hemispheric specialization.
  • The right hemisphere shows a distinct advantage in processing facial identity and characteristics.
  • Further research on split-brain patients can enhance knowledge of social cognition and hemispheric roles.