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The subclavian artery transitions into the axillary artery as it exits the chest and enters the axillary region. This artery is critical for supplying blood to the shoulder area, including the head of the humerus, through the humeral circumflex arteries. As the vessel continues into the upper arm or brachium, it becomes the brachial artery. This artery plays a key role in vascularizing the brachial region and bifurcates at the elbow into several branches. These branches include the deep...
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Workstation configuration and container type influence upper limb posture in grocery bagging.

Angelica E Lang1, Jacquelyn M Maciukiewicz2, Meghan E Vidt3

  • 1Department of Health Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.

Applied Ergonomics
|August 13, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Grocery cashiers should adjust workstation height and use bins to reduce upper limb injury risks. Using both arms for scanning and packing further minimizes awkward postures and potential harm.

Keywords:
CashierErgonomicsKinematicsShoulderUpper limb posture

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational Health
  • Ergonomics
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Repetitive movements and awkward postures are key injury risks for grocery cashiers.
  • Updated recommendations are needed due to the increasing use of eco-friendly bagging options.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how cashier job demands, workstation setup, and container types affect upper limb postures.
  • To analyze the impact of specific work factors on cashier ergonomics.

Main Methods:

  • Fifteen cashiers performed bagging tasks with varied workstation heights and container types (bins, reusable bags, plastic bags).
  • Motion capture quantified upper limb movements, analyzing humeral elevation and internal rotation using percentile-based postural demands.
  • Postural demands were evaluated against established ergonomic guidelines.

Main Results:

  • Higher workstations and reusable bags significantly increased right arm elevation at peak posture.
  • Reusable bins led to greater right arm internal rotation demands compared to other containers.
  • Left arm postures showed consistently lower elevation and internal rotation than the right arm.

Conclusions:

  • Cashiers should optimize workstation height to minimize arm elevation and internal rotation.
  • Utilizing reusable bins and both arms for tasks can help reduce undesirable upper limb postures.
  • Adjusting work practices is crucial for mitigating injury risks in grocery cashier roles.