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Rumination, Brooding, and Reflection: Prospective Associations with Suicide Ideation and Suicide Attempts
Adam G Horwitz1, Ewa K Czyz1, Johnny Berona1
1University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Suicide & Life-Threatening Behavior
|August 13, 2018
Summary
This study found brooding, a type of rumination, was linked to past suicide attempts in high-risk youth. However, rumination showed limited prospective association with suicide ideation and attempts in this clinical sample.
Area of Science:
- Psychiatry
- Psychology
- Clinical Psychology
Background:
- Rumination is a known risk factor for suicide.
- Few studies have examined rumination in clinical populations or prospectively.
- Understanding rumination's role in suicidal behavior is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate concurrent and prospective associations of brooding and reflection (components of rumination) with suicide ideation and attempts.
- To analyze these associations in a high-risk clinical sample of adolescents and young adults.
Main Methods:
- 286 adolescents and young adults (aged 13-25) seeking psychiatric emergency services participated.
- 71% presented with suicide ideation or recent suicide attempt.
- A 4-month follow-up assessed suicidal thoughts and behaviors.
Main Results:
- Brooding was associated with a history of suicide attempts, but not current ideation.
- Reflection showed no association with lifetime attempts or current ideation.
- Prospective associations of both brooding and reflection with suicide outcomes were weak and nonsignificant.
Conclusions:
- Rumination has a limited association with suicide-related outcomes in this high-risk clinical sample.
- Further longitudinal research with clinical samples is needed to clarify these associations.
- Brooding may be more relevant to suicide history than current ideation or prospective risk in this group.
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