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Related Concept Videos

Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping02:05

Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping

People can go to great lengths to protect their self-image and present themselves in ways that they want others to see them. Sociologist Erving Goffman presented the idea that a person is like an actor on a stage. Calling his theory dramaturgy, Goffman believed that we use “impression management” to present ourselves to others as we hope to be perceived. Each situation is a new scene, and individuals perform different roles depending on who is present (Goffman, 1959). Think about the way you...
Self-Evaluation Maintenance Model01:29

Self-Evaluation Maintenance Model

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Self-Discrepancy and Its Effects01:29

Self-Discrepancy and Its Effects

Self-discrepancy theory explains how people compare their actual self to their ideal and ought selves and how mismatches between these self-guides can lead to emotional distress. Developed by E. Tory Higgins, the theory distinguishes among three components of self-concept: the actual self, the ideal self, and the ought self. These refer respectively to how individuals perceive themselves, how they aspire to be, and how they believe they are obligated to be. Emotional well-being, self-esteem,...
Sources of Self-Esteem III: Social Comparison01:27

Sources of Self-Esteem III: Social Comparison

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Self-Serving Bias01:29

Self-Serving Bias

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Self-Discrepancy Theory02:45

Self-Discrepancy Theory

One influential perspective on what motivates people's behavior is detailed in Tory Higgin's self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987). He proposed that people hold disagreeing internal representations of themselves that lead to different emotional states.

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Related Experiment Videos

The Relationship Between Anger and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury: A Meta-Analysis.

Tate F Halverson1,2, Tapan A Patel3, Luke Nguyen1,2

  • 1VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

Suicide & Life-Threatening Behavior
|July 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This meta-analysis found a moderate association between anger and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) in adults. Understanding this link is crucial for clinical assessment and treatment strategies.

Keywords:
hostilityirritabilityself‐directed violenceself‐harm

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Mental Health Research

Background:

  • Negative affect is linked to nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), but discrete emotions' roles are less clear.
  • Anger shows a growing association with NSSI across various populations.
  • Contemporary models suggest anger is a key factor in NSSI.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review existing literature on the anger-NSSI relationship.
  • To calculate the overall effect size of the association between anger and NSSI.

Main Methods:

  • A meta-analysis was conducted, synthesizing data from 25 studies.
  • Included a total of 9,148 participants and 31 individual effect sizes.
  • Examined anger constructs and their relationship with NSSI.

Main Results:

  • A moderate overall association was found between NSSI and anger (pooled Hedges' g = 0.55).
  • No significant differences in effect size were observed across different anger constructs.
  • No significant moderators were identified for the anger-NSSI relationship.

Conclusions:

  • Anger plays a significant role in NSSI among adults.
  • Clinical assessment for NSSI may be warranted in individuals presenting with anger.
  • Anger may contribute to the maintenance and functions of NSSI.