Heart rate variability changes and its association with the development of severe retinopathy of prematurity
Mohamed A Hussein1, Nanfu Deng2, Craig Rusin3
1Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Section of Ophthalmology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas.
Insights
Autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity, measured by heart rate variability (HRV), differs in premature infants who develop retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). ANS disruption may impact ROP development and severity.
Area of Science:
- Neonatal physiology
- Ophthalmology
- Autonomic nervous system function
Background:
- Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a significant cause of visual impairment in premature infants.
- Autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction has been implicated in various neonatal conditions.
- Understanding ANS activity in ROP development is crucial for early intervention.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity and the development of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).
- To compare heart rate variability (HRV) patterns in premature infants with and without ROP.
Main Methods:
- Heart rate variability (HRV) was analyzed in two groups of premature infants: those who developed ROP and required treatment, and a matched control group without severe ROP.
- HRV was assessed at multiple time points: early in life, around ROP examination, and post-treatment or near discharge.
- Key HRV components, including high frequency (HF) and low frequency (LF), were calculated.
Main Results:
- Infants who developed ROP showed a tendency towards reduced HF and LF components of HRV over time.
- Control infants exhibited a tendency towards increased HF and LF components.
- The difference in the rate of change of HF components between the ROP and control groups was statistically significant (P=0.021).
Conclusions:
- Disruptions in autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity are associated with the development and severity of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).
- HRV analysis can serve as a potential indicator of ANS dysfunction in premature infants at risk for ROP.
Purpose:
To evaluate differences in autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity associated with the development of retinopathy of prematurity.
Methods:
Heart rate variability (HRV) as an indicator of ANS activity was calculated in two groups of premature infants: (1) a treatment group of infants who developed type 1 ROP and underwent treatment and (2) a control group of infants who did not develop ROP more severe than stage 1 and who were matched to the treatment group in terms of age, weight, and similar risk factors, including similar frequency of intraventricular hemorrhage, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and sepsis. HRV was analyzed during the first 5 days of life, within 5 days of initial ROP examination, and within 5 days of ROP treatment for the treatment group or, for controls, on the day of last electrocardiogram data prior to discharge. Calculations were performed for the high frequency, low frequency, and low frequency-high frequency values of the HRV components for all infants.
Results:
Between the initial ophthalmologic evaluation and the final evaluation, there was a tendency for reduction in both the low- and high-frequency components of the HRV indices in the treatment group, whereas there was a tendency for an increase in both components of the HRV indices in the control group. The difference in the rate of change of the high frequency between groups was statistically significant (P = 0.021).
Conclusions:
Disruption in ANS activity may play an important role in the development and severity of ROP.
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