Materials Functionalization with Multicomponent Reactions: State of the Art

Area of Science:

• Materials Chemistry
• Organic Synthesis
• Green Chemistry

Background:

• Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) are increasingly recognized for their efficiency, molecular diversity, and operational simplicity in synthetic chemistry.
• MCRs offer advantages in green chemistry metrics such as E-factor and mass intensity.
• Functionalizing materials is crucial for developing advanced materials with tailored properties.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive review of materials functionalization using MCRs.
• To highlight the state-of-the-art in one-pot functionalization of various materials via MCRs.
• To discuss the synthetic routes, properties, and applications of MCR-functionalized materials.

Main Methods:

• Review of literature on the functionalization of carbonaceous, siliceous, polysaccharide, protein, enzyme, and synthetic polymer materials.
• Detailed discussion of various MCRs, including Ugi, Passerini, Petasis, Khabachnik-Fields, Biginelli, and MALI reactions.
• Analysis of both covalent and noncovalent functionalization strategies.

Main Results:

• MCRs enable the efficient, one-pot functionalization of a wide range of materials.
• Functionalized materials exhibit superior properties suitable for diverse modern technologies.
• Both covalent and noncovalent MCR strategies yield materials with tailorable characteristics.

Conclusions:

• MCRs provide a powerful and versatile platform for materials functionalization.
• The combination of materials science and MCRs opens new avenues for innovative materials development.
• Future strategies and industrial implementation of MCR-functionalized materials are promising.