High-definition transcranial direct current simulation (HD-tDCS) for persistent auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia
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Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Technique and Considerations in the Use of 4x1 Ring High-definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation HD-tDCS
Published on: July 14, 2013
Vanteemar S Sreeraj1, Damodharan Dinakaran1, Rujuta Parlikar1
1WISER Neuromodulation Program, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.
Abstract:
Conventional transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) has been reported to alleviate persistent auditory hallucinations (AH) in schizophrenia as an add-on intervention. High-Definition tDCS (HD-tDCS), an optimized form of tDCS, has the potential for more focalized neuromodulation. In this study, add-on HD-tDCS (5 days twice daily session with 2-mA cathodal current on left temporo-parietal junction) using 4 × 1 ring montage significantly reduced persistent AH (t = 3.6;p < 0.01) in schizophrenia patients (N = 19). Add-on HD-tDCS has promising potential to treat persisting AH in schizophrenia. This needs further systematic research.
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