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Violent relaxation in quantum fluids with long-range interactions.

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Quantum systems with long-range interactions exhibit violent relaxation, leading to unique quasistationary states. Quantum effects regulate caustics and can suppress this phenomenon in the deep quantum regime.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Quantum Mechanics
  • Statistical Mechanics

Background:

  • Violent relaxation is a phenomenon in systems with long-range interactions, observed in stellar dynamics.
  • It leads to quasistationary states, deviating from standard statistical mechanics.
  • Classical violent relaxation amplifies small perturbations, driving systems away from equilibrium.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To extend the theory of violent relaxation into the quantum regime.
  • To investigate quantum effects on systems with long-range interactions using a quantum Hamiltonian mean field (HMF) model.
  • To explore emergent phenomena in quantum systems exhibiting violent relaxation.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a quantum version of the Hamiltonian mean field (HMF) model.
  • Utilizing a generalized Gross-Pitaevskii equation for quantum fluid dynamics.
  • Applying Thom's catastrophe theory to analyze wave interference effects.

Main Results:

  • Singular caustics in violent relaxation are universally regulated by quantum interference effects.
  • Emergent length and timescales arise from these quantum phenomena.
  • Violent relaxation is suppressed in the deep quantum regime due to quantum zero-point motion.

Conclusions:

  • Quantum mechanics introduces universal regulation of caustics in violent relaxation.
  • Quantum effects can lead to emergent scales and suppress violent relaxation.
  • Findings are relevant for laboratory studies of self-organization in cold atomic gases.