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Communication01:03

Communication

8.8K
Communication between two animals occurs when one animal transmits an information signal that causes a change in the animal that receives the information. Organisms communicate with one another in a host of different ways. Signals can be auditory, chemical, visual, tactile, or a combination of these. Communication is a critical behavioral adaptation that promotes survival, growth, and reproduction.
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Communication01:28

Communication

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Sharing information, concepts, and emotions to foster mutual understanding is communication. The sender, recipient, and transaction must be considered in this manner. The sender is the person who shares the message, the recipient is the person who receives and understands the message, and the transaction is the method used to deliver the message and the variables that affect the communication's context and surroundings. The nurse-client connection is built on therapeutic communication.
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Role of Communication in the Nursing Process I: Assessment and Diagnosis01:25

Role of Communication in the Nursing Process I: Assessment and Diagnosis

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The nursing process uses scientific reasoning, problem-solving, and critical thinking to guide nurses in providing patients with appropriate care. This process is a systematic approach to recognize, avoid, and treat current or potential health issues while promoting the patient's well-being.
The nursing process considers the patient's emotional and physical well-being. The process can be repeated or stopped at any point if judged essential. Assessment is the first step in the nursing...
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Role of Communication in the Nursing Process II: Planning and Implementation01:25

Role of Communication in the Nursing Process II: Planning and Implementation

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Several factors are considered while creating a patient's care plan. Motivation is a factor in improving communication, and patients often require encouragement to try different approaches involving significant change. It is essential to involve the patient and family in decisions about the plan of care to determine whether the suggested methods are acceptable. Consider meeting critical comfort and safety needs before introducing new communication methods and techniques. Allow adequate time...
2.7K
Types Of Collisions - I01:04

Types Of Collisions - I

9.5K
When two objects come in direct contact with each other, it is called a collision. During a collision, two or more objects exert forces on each other in a relatively short amount of time. A collision can be categorized as either an elastic or inelastic collision. If two or more objects approach each other, collide and then bounce off, moving away from each other with the same relative speed at which they approached each other, the total kinetic energy of the system is said to be conserved. This...
9.5K
Types of Collisions - II01:19

Types of Collisions - II

10.0K
When two or more objects collide with each other, they can stick together to form one single composite object (after collision). The total mass of the object after the collision is the sum of the masses of the original objects, and it moves with a velocity dictated by the conservation of momentum. Although the system's total momentum remains constant, the kinetic energy decreases, and thus such a collision is an inelastic collision. Most of the collisions between objects in daily life are...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Smartphone Fundus Photography
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Smartphone Fundus Photography

Published on: July 6, 2017

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A Forward Collision Warning System for Smartphones Using Image Processing and V2V Communication.

Subhadeep Patra1,2, Peter Veelaert3, Carlos T Calafate4

  • 1Department of Telecommunications and Information Processing, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41, Ghent 9000, Belgium. subpat@doctor.upv.es.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 17, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a smartphone application for forward collision warnings. It uses license plate recognition and vehicle communication to alert drivers about potential collisions due to unsafe following distances.

Keywords:
AndroidITSforward collision warningsmartphonesvehicular network

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Area of Science:

  • Computer Science
  • Automotive Engineering
  • Traffic Safety

Background:

  • Road safety is a significant concern, with forward collisions often resulting from inadequate following distances.
  • Existing driver assistance systems can be costly and are not universally integrated into vehicles.
  • The proliferation of smartphones presents an opportunity for developing accessible safety applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a smartphone-based forward collision warning (FCW) application.
  • To investigate the use of license plate recognition (LPR) and vehicular communication for collision avoidance.
  • To assess the application's effectiveness in various driving scenarios.

Main Methods:

  • The application utilizes smartphone cameras for license plate recognition (LPR) to identify vehicles ahead and behind.
  • It incorporates vehicular communication protocols to exchange safety-related information between vehicles.
  • Warnings are generated when the distance between vehicles falls below a safe threshold, considering the speed differential.

Main Results:

  • The application successfully generated timely warnings in both static and mobile testing scenarios.
  • License plate recognition proved effective in identifying vehicles for distance calculation.
  • Smartphone hardware limitations were identified as a factor influencing the application's real-time performance.

Conclusions:

  • A smartphone application using LPR and vehicular communication can provide effective forward collision warnings.
  • The system offers a potentially low-cost solution for enhancing road safety.
  • Further optimization is needed to overcome hardware constraints for widespread adoption.