Risks in Surrogacy Considering the Embryo: From the Preimplantation to the Gestational and Neonatal Period

Area of Science:

• Reproductive Medicine
• Genetics
• Obstetrics

Background:

• Surrogacy is an assisted reproduction technique enabling parenthood for various individuals and couples.
• Common drivers include infertility, medical conditions, and diverse family structures.
• While a viable option, surrogacy involves potential risks throughout pregnancy and neonatal periods.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the risks associated with surrogacy, focusing on the preimplantation embryo, fetus, and infant.
• To identify gaps in current literature regarding surrogacy management within in vitro fertilization (IVF) practices.
• To advocate for larger studies comparing surrogate cycles with routine IVF patient management.

Main Methods:

• Exhaustive literature research was conducted.
• Analysis focused on factors specific to IVF practice and available options in surrogacy.
• The study reviewed risks from ovarian stimulation to neonatal outcomes.

Main Results:

• Data on surrogacy's association with IVF-specific factors are not fully represented in existing literature.
• Surrogacy management introduces complexities across ovarian stimulation, IVF cycles, genetic laboratory techniques, and neonatal care.
• Potential risks exist for the preimplantation embryo, fetus, and infant.

Conclusions:

• Surrogacy management requires careful consideration due to potential risks.
• Larger comparative studies are essential to refine surrogate cycle management and avoid suboptimal care.
• Optimizing management is crucial, especially when involving egg/sperm donors and commissioning parties.