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Updated: Feb 6, 2026
07:13
Implantation and Control of Wireless, Battery-free Systems for Peripheral Nerve Interfacing
Published on: October 20, 2021
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[Advances in Implantable Medical Device Battery]
Yi Fang1, Wenbo Hou1, Wenxiu Zhou1
1National United Engineering Laboratory for Biomedical Material Modification, Dezhou, 251100.
Summary
This review covers batteries for active implantable medical devices, detailing current challenges and emerging technologies like flexible and bio-energy power sources for improved device longevity.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Materials Science
- Electrochemistry
Background:
- Active implantable medical devices (AIMDs) are crucial but face limitations in power sources.
- Current batteries for AIMDs encounter issues with reliability, capacity, and lifespan due to material and technical constraints.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the historical development and current state of batteries for AIMDs.
- To discuss the evolution and challenges of zinc-mercury and lithium batteries.
- To explore novel battery technologies such as flexible and bio-energy batteries.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of scientific publications and industry reports.
- Analysis of historical trends in battery technology for medical implants.
- Examination of emerging battery concepts and their potential applications.
Main Results:
- Zinc-mercury and lithium batteries have been primary power sources, each with distinct advantages and drawbacks.
- New technologies like flexible batteries and bio-energy harvesting offer potential solutions to current limitations.
- Significant progress has been made in developing advanced battery chemistries and designs.
Conclusions:
- The future of AIMD batteries lies in miniaturization, flexibility, and rechargeability.
- Addressing material and technical constraints is key to enhancing device reliability and lifespan.
- Continued innovation in battery technology is essential for advancing the capabilities of active implantable medical devices.
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