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Seeing, Targeting and Delivering with Upconverting Nanoparticles.

Ghulam Jalani1, Vivienne Tam1, Fiorenzo Vetrone2

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Upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) enable deep-tissue, light-triggered drug delivery using near-infrared (NIR) light. This overcomes limitations of UV/Vis light for precise, noninvasive therapeutic applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology and Biomedical Engineering
  • Photopharmacology and Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

  • Efficient drug release control is vital for enhancing therapeutic efficacy and minimizing adverse effects.
  • Current light-triggered drug delivery systems are limited by the poor tissue penetration and potential toxicity of UV/Vis light.
  • Upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) offer a solution by converting deeper-penetrating near-infrared (NIR) light into shorter wavelengths.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in UCNP-based light-controlled drug delivery systems.
  • To discuss the challenges and propose solutions for clinical translation of these technologies.
  • To highlight the potential of NIR-triggered UCNPs for precise, noninvasive therapeutic applications.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing UCNPs to absorb near-infrared (NIR) radiation.
  • Converting absorbed NIR light into shorter wavelength UV, visible, or NIR emissions.
  • Employing these emissions to trigger localized drug release and for bioimaging.

Main Results:

  • UCNPs enable drug release triggered by NIR light, which penetrates tissues more deeply than UV/Vis light.
  • This approach allows for precise, on-demand drug delivery at specific locations within the body.
  • UCNPs serve as effective in situ light sources for both drug release and bioimaging applications.

Conclusions:

  • UCNP-mediated NIR-triggered drug delivery systems represent a significant advancement over traditional light-controlled methods.
  • These systems offer promising applications in anesthetics, wound healing, surgery, and cancer treatment.
  • Further research and development are needed to facilitate the clinical translation of UCNP-based drug delivery.