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Switching behavior in Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs) is a fundamental aspect utilized in various electronic circuits, particularly for digital logic applications like switches and amplifiers. In a typical switching circuit, a BJT alternates between cut-off and saturation modes, corresponding to the "off" and "on" states, respectively, thus behaving like an ideal switch.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 6, 2026

A Method for Selecting Structure-switching Aptamers Applied to a Colorimetric Gold Nanoparticle Assay
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Photonic switching in high performance datacenters [Invited].

Qixiang Cheng, Sébastien Rumley, Meisam Bahadori

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    |August 18, 2018
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    Summary

    Photonic switches offer a path to higher datacenter performance. This study evaluates optical switch technologies, focusing on switching time, cost, and power, and proposes a hybrid design for improved efficiency.

    Area of Science:

    • Photonics
    • Computer Engineering
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Datacenters require high-performance interconnection networks to meet escalating demands.
    • Photonic switches are emerging as a key technology for enhancing network performance.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To provide an overview of photonic switching technologies.
    • To develop an evaluation methodology for assessing their impact on datacenter performance.
    • To propose a novel hybrid integrated switch fabric design.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of three categories of optical switches: free-space, III-V integrated, and silicon integrated.
    • Analysis of state-of-the-art technologies including MEMS, LCOS, SOA, MZI, and MRR.
    • Evaluation of key performance metrics: switching time, cost, power consumption, scalability, and optical power penalty.

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  • Pareto front analysis of the switch metric space.
  • Investigation of a hybrid integrated switch fabric using III-V/Si wafer bonding.

    • Main Results:

    • Detailed insights into the performance limitations and scalability of current optical switch technologies.
    • Identification of critical performance metrics for datacenter adoption.
    • Analysis of the trade-offs between different switching technologies via Pareto front.
    • Demonstration of a hybrid integrated switch fabric design with potential for reduced cost and power penalty.

    Conclusions:

    • Photonic switches are crucial for future high-performance datacenters.
    • A comprehensive evaluation framework is essential for selecting optimal switching technologies.
    • Hybrid integrated switch fabrics, particularly those using III-V/Si wafer bonding, show promise for cost and power efficiency.