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Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Sex Differences in Mouse Hippocampal Astrocytes after In-Vitro Ischemia
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Sex differences in stroke: Challenges and opportunities.

Cheryl D Bushnell1, Seemant Chaturvedi2, Kathy R Gage3

  • 11 Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA.

Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism : Official Journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism
|August 18, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding sex differences in stroke is vital for personalized medicine. This review explores how biologic sex impacts brain health, stroke risk, and treatment, promising better stroke prevention and care for all.

Keywords:
Sexsex differencesstrokewomen

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Cerebrovascular Medicine

Background:

  • Biologic sex significantly influences brain health and stroke outcomes.
  • Factors like health status, cerebrovascular function, and unique risk factors (e.g., pregnancy) differ between sexes.
  • Understanding sexual dimorphism in the brain is key to reducing stroke burden.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on sex differences in stroke epidemiology, risk factors, and therapeutics.
  • To highlight the biologic basis for sex-based variations in stroke.
  • To emphasize the role of frailty in women's stroke risk.

Main Methods:

  • Focused review of recent scientific literature on sex differences in stroke.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data, risk factor profiles, and therapeutic responses.
  • Examination of the biological underpinnings of sexual dimorphism in cerebrovascular health.

Main Results:

  • Significant sex differences exist in stroke epidemiology, risk factors, and treatment efficacy.
  • Pregnancy and preeclampsia represent unique stroke risks for women.
  • Frailty is a critical factor disproportionately affecting women's stroke outcomes.
  • Biologic sex underlies variations in brain structure, function, and response to stroke.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive understanding of sex differences in stroke is crucial for effective prevention and treatment.
  • Personalized medicine approaches tailored to biologic sex show promise for improving stroke care.
  • Addressing sex-specific factors can reduce the global burden of stroke.