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Updated: Feb 6, 2026
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Image Rendering Techniques in Postmortem Computed Tomography: Evaluation of Biological Health and Profile in Stranded Cetaceans
Published on: September 27, 2020
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High-Throughput Screening of Full-Face Clinically Relevant Arterial Variations Using Three-Dimensional Postmortem
Guo-Zhang Zhu1, Wei-Rui Zhao1, Cheng-En Luo1
1From the Departments of Plastic and Reconstructive Radiology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital.
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
|August 18, 2018
Summary
Understanding facial artery variations is crucial for safe filler injections. This study mapped full-face arteries using 3D CT scans to identify risks and improve injection protocols.
Area of Science:
- Anatomy
- Medical Imaging
- Plastic Surgery
Background:
- Vascular complications from intravascular filler injections, including embolism, pose significant safety risks.
- Systematic screening of full-face arterial variations is essential for developing evidence-based safe injection protocols.
Purpose of the Study:
- To map full-face arterial variations using advanced imaging techniques.
- To identify potential risks associated with facial filler injections.
- To inform the development of safer injection protocols.
Main Methods:
- Utilized 3D computed tomography (CT) on 22 cadaveric heads for carotid artery contrast infusion.
- Injected contrast into facial and superficial temporal arteries of 12 additional cadaveric heads sequentially.
- Reconstructed 3D CT scans using validated algorithms to analyze arterial courses and anastomoses.
Main Results:
- 3D CT clearly depicted the course, depth, and anastomosis of major arteries in 63 hemifaces.
- Identified consistent branching patterns of the ophthalmic angiosome to the forehead.
- Found correlations between facial creases and underlying arteries, with specific percentages for nasolabial and infraorbital trunks.
Conclusions:
- Full-face arterial variations were mapped using postmortem 3D CT.
- Facial creases generally correlate with underlying deep arteries.
- High-resolution identification and reclassification of facial and angular artery variations can guide medical practice.
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