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Range

Range

The range is one of the measures of variation. It can be defined as the difference between a dataset's highest and lowest values. For example, in the study of seven 16-ounce soda cans, the filled volume of soda was measured, thus producing the following amount (in ounces) of soda:
15.9; 16.1; 15.2; 14.8; 15.8; 15.9; 16.0; 15.5
Measurements of the amount of soda in a 16-ounce can vary since different subjects record these measurements or since the exact amount - 16 ounces of liquid, was not...

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
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Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

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Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling

The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
In alkenes, spin information is communicated via σ–π overlap, as seen in allylic (four-bond) and homoallylic (five-bond) couplings. These coupling interactions are stronger when the σ bond is parallel to the alkene...

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...

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Novel Techniques for Observing Structural Dynamics of Photoresponsive Liquid Crystals

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High dynamic range liquid crystal displays with a mini-LED backlight.

Guanjun Tan, Yuge Huang, Ming-Chun Li

|August 19, 2018

Summary

This study analyzes the halo effect in mini-LED backlit LCDs. Higher contrast ratio LCDs require fewer dimming zones to minimize visual artifacts, guiding optimized display design.

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Area of Science:

Display Technology
Visual Perception
Optical Engineering

Background:

High dynamic range (HDR) liquid crystal displays (LCDs) utilize mini-LED backlights with local dimming.
The halo effect, a visual artifact, impacts the perceived quality of HDR displays.
Understanding factors influencing the halo effect is crucial for display performance optimization.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the halo effect in mini-LED backlit HDR LCDs.
To determine the relationship between LCD contrast ratio (CR), dimming zone number, and halo effect suppression.
To provide guidelines for optimizing mini-LED backlit LCDs for enhanced visual performance.

Main Methods:

Numerical simulation of display performance.
Human visual perception experiments to assess halo effect visibility.
Analysis of intrinsic LCD contrast ratio and local dimming zone count.

Main Results:

The halo effect is significantly influenced by LCD contrast ratio and the number of local dimming zones.
For a 5000:1 CR LCD, approximately 200 dimming zones are needed to make the halo effect indistinguishable.
For a 2000:1 CR LCD, over 3000 dimming zones are required to achieve a similar suppression level.

Conclusions:

A model is presented to guide the design of mini-LED backlit LCDs.
Optimizing dimming zone number based on LCD contrast ratio is key to minimizing halo effects.
This research enables achieving dynamic contrast ratios competitive with organic LED displays.