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What are Cells?01:07

What are Cells?

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Cells are the smallest and basic units of life, whether it is a single cell that forms the entire organism, e.g., in a bacterium or trillions of them, e.g., in humans. No matter what organism a cell is a part of, they share specific characteristics.
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A living cell has a plasma membrane, a bilayer of lipids that separates the aqueous solution inside the cell called the cytoplasm from the outside environment.
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Cells are the smallest and basic units of life, whether it is a single cell that forms the entire organism, e.g., in a bacterium, or trillions of them, e.g., in humans. No matter what organism a cell is a part of, they share specific characteristics.
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A concentration cell is a type of a  voltaic cell constructed by connecting two almost identical half-cells, both based on the same half-reaction and using the same electrode, differing only in the concentration of one redox species. A concentration cell's potential, therefore, is determined only by the concentration difference of the particular redox species.
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Studying Interactions between Myeloid Cells and CAR T Cells In Vitro and In Vivo
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Studying Interactions between Myeloid Cells and CAR T Cells In Vitro and In Vivo

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[The CAR-T cells are here].

Carolyne Croizier1, Aurore Douge1, Jacques-Olivier Bay1

  • 1CHU Clermont-Ferrand, service de thérapie cellulaire et d'hématologie clinique adulte, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.

Bulletin Du Cancer
|August 19, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR-T) cell therapy shows promise for treating certain blood cancers. While effective, these advanced gene therapies also present significant side effects and logistical challenges.

Keywords:
B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemiaCAR-T cellsImmunotherapyImmunothérapieLarge B-cell lymphomaLeucémie aiguë lymphoblastique BLymphome B diffus à grandes cellulesRechute ou réfractaireRelapsed or refractory

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunotherapy
  • Gene Therapy

Background:

  • Immunotherapy represents a new frontier in treating solid and hematological tumors.
  • Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR-T) cells are genetically engineered T cells demonstrating efficacy in CD19-expressing hematological malignancies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the efficacy and challenges of anti-CD19 CAR-T cell therapy in hematological malignancies.
  • To discuss the implications of recent European Medicines Agency approvals for tisagenlecleucel and axicabtagène ciloleucel.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical trial data and regulatory opinions regarding anti-CD19 CAR-T cell therapies.
  • Analysis of reported efficacy, side effects, and production/delivery challenges.

Main Results:

  • Two anti-CD19 CAR-T cell therapies (tisagenlecleucel, axicabtagène ciloleucel) received favorable opinions from the European Medicines Agency in June 2018 for specific B-cell malignancies.
  • Clinical trials demonstrate remarkable efficacy but highlight new, serious side effects including cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity.

Conclusions:

  • CAR-T cell therapy offers a powerful new treatment option for certain blood cancers.
  • Significant challenges remain concerning production, delivery, cost, and management of adverse events associated with this gene therapy.