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Related Concept Videos

Adult Stem Cells01:33

Adult Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic...
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Distinctive Features of Adult Stem Cells vs Cancer Stem Cells01:18

Distinctive Features of Adult Stem Cells vs Cancer Stem Cells

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A stem cell is an unspecialized cell that can divide without limit as needed and can, under specific conditions, differentiate into specialized cells.
Adult stem cells
Adult stem cells are tissue-specific; hence, they divide to develop the tissue from which they originate. One type of adult stem cell is the epithelial stem cell, which gives rise to the keratinocytes in the multiple layers of epithelial cells in the epidermis of the skin. Adult bone marrow has three distinct types of stem cells:...
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Derivation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells from Murine Embryonic Stem Cells
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Derivation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells from Murine Embryonic Stem Cells

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Oocytes from stem cells.

Urooza C Sarma1, Jock K Findlay2, Karla J Hutt1

  • 1Ovarian Biology Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Vic, 3168, Australia.

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology
|August 19, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fertility preservation for cancer patients is challenging. Stem cell research offers a promising new avenue for creating viable oocytes, but human applications require further understanding of in vitro follicle growth.

Keywords:
CancerChemotherapyFertilityFolliculogenesisOocytesStem cells

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Developmental biology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Folliculogenesis is crucial for oocyte development and fertility, but can be compromised by cancer therapies.
  • Current fertility preservation methods include surrogacy, oocyte freezing, donation, and in vitro maturation (IVM).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore novel fertility preservation strategies using stem cell-derived oocytes.
  • To highlight the need for enhanced understanding of in vitro folliculogenesis for human applications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent advancements in stem cell-based oocyte production in mice.
  • Analysis of the complexities of in vitro follicle growth and its translation to human health.

Main Results:

  • Stem cells have successfully produced competent oocytes and healthy offspring in mice.
  • Significant technical and ethical challenges remain for human stem cell-derived oocyte applications.

Conclusions:

  • Stem cell-derived oocytes represent a potential future for fertility preservation in cancer patients.
  • Further research into in vitro folliculogenesis is essential to overcome current obstacles and enable human applications.