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Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

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Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
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The nucleus restricts several proteins within and allows others to pass. The restricted proteins possess a nuclear retention sequence or NRS, anchoring them to the nuclear lamins and preventing their transport to the cytosol. The non-restricted proteins, after their synthesis, are transported to their site of action, such as the cytosol or other organelles, with the help of nuclear export signals or NES.
NES are of three types- the canonical 10-residue long leucine-rich signal and other...
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Phosphorylation01:02

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The addition or removal of phosphate groups from proteins is the most common chemical modification that regulates cellular processes. These modifications can affect the structure, activity, stability, and localization of proteins within cells as well as their interactions with other proteins.
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A eukaryotic cell can have up to three different types of genetic systems: nuclear, mitochondrial, and chloroplast. During evolution, organelles have exported many genes to the nucleus; this transfer is still ongoing in some plant species. Approximately 18% of the Arabidopsis thaliana nuclear genome is thought to be derived from the chloroplast’s cyanobacterial ancestor, and around 75% of the yeast genome derived from the mitochondria’s bacterial ancestor. This export has occurred...
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Controlled nuclear fission reactions are used to generate electricity. Any nuclear reactor that produces power via the fission of uranium or plutonium by bombardment with neutrons has six components: nuclear fuel consisting of fissionable material, a nuclear moderator, a neutron source, control rods, reactor coolant, and a shield and containment system.
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Analysis of mRNA Nuclear Export Kinetics in Mammalian Cells by Microinjection
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Analysis of mRNA Nuclear Export Kinetics in Mammalian Cells by Microinjection

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mTOR-dependent phosphorylation controls TFEB nuclear export.

Gennaro Napolitano1,2, Alessandra Esposito1, Heejun Choi3

  • 1Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.

Nature Communications
|August 19, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Upon nutrient refeeding, mTOR inactivates transcription factor EB (TFEB) by promoting its nuclear export. This process involves CRM1 and hierarchical phosphorylation, revealing mTOR

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Related Experiment Videos

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Analysis of mRNA Nuclear Export Kinetics in Mammalian Cells by Microinjection
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Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for the Identification of Multiple Phosphorylations of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins
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Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Molecular Mechanisms
  • Autophagy Regulation

Background:

  • Transcription factor EB (TFEB) activates catabolic processes during starvation via nuclear translocation.
  • The mechanisms for TFEB inactivation upon nutrient refeeding remain largely unknown.
  • TFEB is a key regulator of autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying TFEB inactivation after nutrient refeeding.
  • To investigate the role of nutrient availability in controlling TFEB subcellular localization.
  • To identify the signaling pathways that regulate TFEB nuclear export.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of TFEB nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling dynamics.
  • Investigation of CRM1-mediated nuclear export.
  • Assessment of mTOR-dependent phosphorylation sites on TFEB (S142 and S138).

Main Results:

  • TFEB undergoes continuous shuttling between the nucleus and cytosol, with nuclear export being a rate-limiting step.
  • TFEB nuclear export is mediated by CRM1 and regulated by nutrient availability.
  • mTOR signaling controls TFEB nuclear export through hierarchical phosphorylation of S142 and S138 near the NES.

Conclusions:

  • Nutrient refeeding inactivates TFEB by promoting its nuclear export, a process controlled by mTOR.
  • mTOR plays a previously unappreciated role in regulating TFEB nuclear export.
  • Understanding TFEB regulation provides insights into nutrient sensing and metabolic control.