Does Bariatric Surgery Cause Vitamin A, B1, C or E Deficiency? A Systematic Review

Area of Science:

• Nutritional Science
• Surgical Research
• Public Health

Background:

• Bariatric surgery's restrictive and malabsorptive effects can elevate micronutrient deficiency risks.
• Specific focus on vitamins A, B1, C, and E deficiencies post-surgery is crucial.
• Understanding these deficiencies is vital for patient long-term health outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review and critique existing evidence on vitamin A, B1, C, and E deficiencies following bariatric surgery.
• To assess the quality and identify gaps in the current literature regarding these micronutrient deficiencies.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review utilizing PRISMA and MOOSE frameworks.
• NHMRC evidence hierarchy and American Dietetic Association bias tool were employed for quality assessment.
• Inclusion of 21 relevant articles for critical appraisal.

Main Results:

• All 21 included studies were assessed as Level IV grade.
• The overall quality of the included studies was found to be neutral or negative.
• A significant gap exists in literature regarding the measurement of micronutrient supplementation and inflammatory markers for serum vitamin validity.

Conclusions:

• Further research is imperative to accurately assess deficiency risks associated with bariatric procedures.
• Future studies should prioritize investigating confounders affecting serum micronutrient levels.
• Enhanced understanding is needed to improve patient monitoring and management of potential deficiencies.